Neuroanatomy Module 5: Cranial Nerves

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Last updated 9:13 PM on 9/27/26
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12 Terms

1
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CNI

name: olfactory

origin: olfactory bulbs

function:

  • special sensory: smell


2
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CNII

name: optic

origin: thalamus (LGN)

function:

  • special sensory: vision


3
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CNIII

name: oculomotor

origin: interpeduncular fossa (midbrain)

function:

  • somatic motor: moves eyeball (superior, inferior, medial)

  • parasympathetic motor: constricts pupil, accommodates lens (near vision)


4
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CNIV

name: trochlear

origin: inferior to inferior colliculus (midbrain)

function:

  • somatic motor: moves eyeball inferolaterally


5
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CNV

name: trigeminal

origin: lateral pons

function:

  • somatic sensory: face — ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), mandibular (V3)

  • somatic motor (only V3): muscles of mastication


6
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CNVI

name: abducent

origin: junction of pyramid & pons

function:

  • somatic motor: moves eyeball laterally


7
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CNVII

name: facial

origin: junction if pops & medulla laterally

function:

  • somatic motor: muscles of facial expression

  • parasympathetic motor: salivary glands & lacrimal glands

  • somatic sensory: skin around ear canal

  • special sensory: taste anterior ⅔ of tongue


8
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CNVIII

name: vestibulocochlear

origin: junction of pons & medulla laterally

function:

  • special sensory: balance, hearing


9
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CNIX

name: glossopharyngeal

origin: junction of pons & medulla laterally

function:

  • somatic motor: one muscle of pharynx – swallowing

  • parasympathetic motor: salivary gland (parotid gland)

  • visceral afferent (sensory): blood pressure, oxygen & carbon dioxide levels

  • special sensory: taste posterior ⅓ of tongue

  • somatic sensory: external ear


10
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CNX

name: vagus

origin: posterior to olive

function:

  • somatic motor: muscles of pharynx and larynx – speaking and swallowing

  • parasympathetic motor: smooth muscle of airway and digestive tract, cardiac muscle

  • visceral afferent (sensory): pharynx, trachea, lungs, heart, esophagus, stomach intestine

  • special sensory: taste from epiglottis

  • somatic sensory: ear


11
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CNXI

name: spinal accessory

origin: spinal cord (C1-C4 nerves)

function:

  • somatic motor: sternomastoid & trapezius muscle


12
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CNXII

name: hypoglossal

origin: between pyramid & olive

function: tongue muscles