History of Anatomy Chapter 1 Freshie

Anatomy was first documented by…

1600 BC

-probably began with examinations of sacrifice victims 

-Egyptian anatomical papyrus showed organs (including blood vessels)

Ancient Greeks: Hippocrates

400 BC—> -was the first to separate medicine from philosophy and disprove the idea that disease was a punishment for sin -The foundation of the principles of medical ethics

Aristotle’s approach to anatomy and physiology

-Realized that living things were composed of simpler parts that were in turn composed of simpler parts

-Suggested that similar structures in different animals probably functioned in similar ways

Galen Galenus:

did human anatomy dissections- the basis of medical knowledge for the next 13 centuries due to the ban by the Church

Anatomy Act: A Legitamate Supply

-Burke and Hare would kill humans just for the purpose of anatomy research. Led to the passage by Parliament of the Anatomy Act. -The poor who died were given for the cause of anatomy unless a family member would claim them in two days

Schleiden (plants ) & Schwann (animals)-

discovered cell theory

Watson & Crick- 1953- Molecular Structure of DNA

-DNA can be damaged in an X-ray for prego women -found that it makes us who we are, our height our weight, everything is determined by DNA -they knew it had to be arranged in a certain order as well

Cell Theory

the Cell is the Fundamental Unit of Life

The Human Genome Project (HGP)

2003- an international research project that sequenced the DNA in Human genes, thought it would take 25 years but it was done in 10

-This gave us our molecular basis and now we can do risk assessments on people

-We can look in someone's blood and be able to examine someone's specific DNA, can we turn genes on and off? We can acknowledge these structures 

-We can also delve into our evolutionary past, its how criminals are identified

Chromosomes-

 Genes and DNA

The Structure of DNA:

Chromosomes are each made of DNA. Each Chromosome contains thousands of genes. The sequence of bases in a gene forms a code that tells the cell what protein to produce.

-Everyone has certain characteristics indicative/unique to us