Chem 12 U1C2 - Acid-Base Equilibrium Systems
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33 Terms
acid
substance that donates one or more protons
base
substance that accepts one or more protons
strength of an acid or base =
it’s ability to fully ionise in water
concentration =
amount of particles
an acid pairs with its
conjugate base
a base pairs with its
conjugate acid
polyprotic acids
give up more than one H+
monophonic acids
give up one H+
polyprotic acids have a ______ concentration of H+ ions than the same concentration of a monoprotic acid
higher
water is amphiprotic, so it can
react with itself to form hydronium and hydroxide ions
a solution is neutral when
the concentration of hydronium and hydroxide ions are equal
acidity constants (Ka) are used to find
the extent of ionisation of acids
weak acids have a ____ Ka, strong acids have a _____ Ka
small, large
percentage ionisation
percentage of acid that has ionised into water
percentage ionisation calculation
[A-]/[HA] x 100
indicators are
a weak acid and its conjugate base pair, each have a different colour
endpoint of a titration
the point where the colour of the indicator changes
buffers
can maintain a pH within a certain range despite addition of an acid or base
a buffer with more acid has a _____ pH
lower
acid dissociation equilibrium constant (Ka)
the equilibrium expression of a weak acid
amphiprotic
substances that can gain or lose a hydrogen ion to act as an acid or a base
conjugate acid (of a base)
the acid that is formed when a base accepts a proton from an acid
conjugate base (of an acid)
the base that is formed when an acid donates a proton to a base
diprotic
can donate two protons to a base
dissociation reaction
an ionic substance separates in a solution
hydronium ion H3O+
ion that forms when a proton is donated to a water molecule
ionisation reaction
a reaction where an uncharged molecule becomes an ion
monoprotic
can donate one proton to a base
polyprotic
can donate more than one proton to a base
self-ionisation constant Kw
equilibrium expression that shows water ionising into two ions
strong acid
readily donates a proton to water, Ka is large
triprotic
substance that can donate three protons to a base
weak acid
only a small proportion of molecules will donate their proton, Ka is small