Integumentary and Skeletal System Functions

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture on the integumentary and skeletal systems.

Integumentary System

System that regulates temperature, provides a barrier, facilitates sensation, produces vitamin D, and excretes waste.

Acid mantle

A protective barrier of the skin, serving as the first line of defense.

Epidermis

The outer layer of skin consisting of stratified squamous tissue.

Dermis

The layer beneath the epidermis composed of connective tissue, including the papillary and reticular sublayers.

Hypodermis

The layer of fat and connective tissue beneath the dermis, also known as subcutaneous tissue.

Burn classifications

1st degree: epidermis only; 2nd degree: epidermis and dermis (with blisters); 3rd degree: all layers affected.

Skin cancer types

1) Basal Cell: shiny and most common; 2) Squamous Cell: red and scaly; 3) Melanoma: irregular in shape, color changes, larger diameter.

Melanin

A pigment responsible for skin color, produced in the epidermis.

Cervical vertebrae

The first set of vertebrae in the spine, consisting of 7 bones with transverse foramen.

Thoracic vertebrae

The second set of vertebrae in the spine, consisting of 12 bones with downward facing spinous processes.

Lumbar vertebrae

The largest set of vertebrae in the spine, consisting of 5 bones.

Kyphosis

A spinal deformity characterized by an exaggerated forward curvature, also known as hunchback.

Lordosis

An excessive inward curvature of the spine, also referred to as swayback.

Scoliosis

A lateral curvature of the spine.

Osteoblast

A type of bone cell responsible for building bone tissue.

Osteocyte

A mature bone cell that maintains bone tissue, found in lacunae.

Osteoclast

A type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue.

Bone repair process

1) Inflammation; 2) Fibrocartilaginous callus formation; 3) Callus becomes bone; 4) Remodeling process.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by excessive loss of bone density and mass.

Endochondral ossification

The process in which bone develops from cartilage; occurs in most of the body except for the skull.

Intramembranous ossification

The process in which bone develops from fibrous connective tissue; occurs primarily in the skull.