A.1.3.1 (1) The Cardiovascular System

What is its function?

transport blood, oxygen and nutrients to the body

What are the three main parts?

1. heart

2. blood vessels

3. blood

What is blood and its components?

special fluid containing RBC’s, WBC’s, platelets and plasma

What is heamoglobin?

pigment that binds oxygen for transport in the blood

Red blood cells are…

erythrocytes, carry oxygen nutrients and wastes

White blood cells are…

leucocytes, fight diseases and protect the body from infections

Platelets are…

thrombocytes, gather at the site of injury helping with clotting

Plasma is…

mixture of water and dissolved substances

What are blood vessles?

tubes/channels that carry blood throughout the body

What are the three types of blood vesssles?

1. veins

2. arteries

3. capillaries

What do arteries do?

carry blood away from the heart

What are arteries structure and why?

thickest wall, withstand high pressure

What do veins do?

carry blood towards the heart

What are veins’ structure?

less muscular and stretchy, blood moves at low pressure

What do capillaries do?

form an extensive branching network through tissues

What are capillaries’ structure?

thinnest wall, act as a site of exchange between blood and tissues

What are the 4 main chmabers of the heart?

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle

What do the atria do?

receive blood

What do the ventricles do?

eject blood from the heart

What are the two main circuits of blood flow in the heart?

1. Pulmonary circuit (deoxygenated to oxygenated)

2. Systemic circuit (oxygenated to the body)

The pulmonary circuit..

involves deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Step 1 - pulmonary circuit

the RA takes in deoxygenated blood from the superior/inferior vena cava

Step 2 - pulmonary circuit

blood moves to the RV and is taken to the lungs through the pulmonary artery

The systemic circuit…

transports oxygenated blood to the body

Step 1 - systemic circuit

oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the LA through the pulmonary veins

Step 2 - systemic circuit

blood is pumped into the LV and is sent to the body through aorta

The cardiac cycle

What two phases is blood pressure split into?

1. Diastolic

2. Systolic

What is diastolic blood pressure?

force exerted by blood on arterial walls during ventricular relaxation

What is systolic blood pressure?

force exerted by blood on arterial walls during ventricular contraction

What is the healthy adults typical systolic and diastolic BP range?

90-120mmHg (S), 60-80mmHg (D)

How would this BP be described?

“120/80 mmHg”

What are the two types of exercise BP can respond to?

1. Dynamic

2. Static

What is dynamic exercise?

repetitive movement promoting blood flow keeping dBP from rising

What happens to systolic and diastolic BP during dynamic exercise?

• systolic BP increase (up to 200)

• diastolic BP remains constant

What happens to systolic and diastolic BP during static exercise?

• systolic increases

• diastolic also increases

What main two things happen to blood flow during exercise?

• more O₂ and nutrients required

• more heat and waste need to be removed