Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Benzene

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5 Terms

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Friedel-Crafts Acylation

Reagents: Acyl chloride (e.g. CH₃COCl), Catalyst: AlCl₃, Conditions: Reflux, anhydrous, Mechanism: Electrophilic substitution

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Friedel-Crafts Alkylation

Reagents: Haloalkane (e.g. CH₃Cl), Catalyst: AlCl₃, Conditions: Reflux, anhydrous, Mechanism: Electrophilic substitution

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Nitration of Benzene

Reagents: Concentrated HNO₃ + Concentrated H₂SO₄, Conditions: 50-55°C, Mechanism: Electrophilic substitution, Electrophile: NO₂⁺

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Halogenation of Benzene

Reagents: Cl₂ or Br₂, Catalyst: AlCl₃ or FeCl₃, Conditions: Room temperature, Mechanism: Electrophilic substitution, Electrophile: Cl⁺ or Br⁺

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Nitrobenzene → Phenylamine

Reagents: Tin (Sn) and conc. HCl, Conditions: Reflux then add NaOH(aq), Type: Reduction