AP world unit 3 test- EMPIRES

What was moscow at first?

a small Russian state that had just freed itself from Mongol rule

What was South Russia's motive in expanding South?

for security, to protect its people

What was South Russia's motive in expanding to Siberia?

for fur

What did people call fur?

soft gold

Who helped build the Russian Empire other than just leaders?

peasants, merchants, hunters, etc

It took lots of _______ for the Russians to take over since they got lots of resistance from _________

force; natives

Yasak:

russian tribute

Siberia=

fur

In Russia, did natives die from the spread of disease?

yes

What was Russia's religion?

Christianity

What were the perks of being Christian in Russia?

- no paying tribute

- no paying taxes

- promise of cash or land

The _________ empire forced resettlement of Muslim communities

Russian

Russians looked up to ___________

Europeans

Unlike the East (Russia), the west was filled with _________

rivals

Which Russian ruler wanted to make their empire like Europe?

Peter the Great

How did Peter the Great try to meet his goal?

- expanded his army

- started schools for noblemen's sons

- new admin to run the government

- made people dress like Europeans and shave their beards

The Russian empire became both a ___________ and ___________ power

European; Asian

Go over the similarities and differences of the Russian Empire and Europeans on your notes

ok

Which Ming emperor created the encyclopedia?

yongle

Which dynasty economically recovered itself from the Mongols?

ming

Silver tax policy:

required taxes to be paid in hard currency rather than rice

The ________ ____ ________ in the _________ dynasty forced people to work in the market so they could pay taxes

silver tax policy; ming

Which group founded the Qing Dynasty?

manchus (NOT MONGOLS)

What helped the Manchus take over China?

Famine, peasant rebellions, and the Little Ice Age.

How did the Qing keep their ethnic identity?

banned intermarriage with Han Chinese

What kind of empire did the Qing become?

a multiethnic empire

What kind of government did the Qing use?

bureaucracy

The leaders of the ________ dynasty were not always _________

Qing; Chinese

What system did the Qing use to choose officials?

exam system

Did the Qing use slaves?

yes

Tsar:

what the Russian ruler was called

What type of government did Russia have?

Autocracy

How did the Ottomans spread their religion?

Through military expansion.

What religion was the Ottoman empire?

Muslim

Who practiced Islam in Songhai?

elites

Who practiced tribal religions in Songhai?

lower class people

How did Islam spread in songhai?

trade

What religion is the Mughal empire?

a mix of muslim and hindu

People of the book:

people who practice abrahamic religions

Meritocracy:

a caste system where you can move up if you're Islam

The _______ empire became a meritocracy

Qing

What was the most powerful empire in the Middle east?

The Ottoman Empire

Who founded the Ottoman empire?

turkic warrior groups

Jihad:

A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal

How did the Ottomans expand early on?

raiding agricultural civilizations

What did the Ottomans use to justify expansion?

Jihad

How did women's status change in the Ottoman emprire after Turkic/Islamic influence?

lost their rights- became veiled and secluded

The Ottomans protected...

the holy cities

Why was Christianity more prominent in the Balkans?

Ottomans didn't force conversion and fewer Turks settled there

Where did Jews flee to after Spain expelled them?

the ottoman empire

devshirme:

Ottomans taking Christian boys, converting them to islam, and training them for military/government positions

Janissaries:

ottoman empire; the boys who were taken from their families

timar system:

ottoman empire; land granted in exchange for military service.

tax farming:

selling the right to collect taxes to private bidders

Who founded the Mughal empire?

Central Asian Muslim, Turkic warriors

The Mughal empire was located in _________

india

Why was India so hard to conquer?

it was fragmented

zamindars:

Mughal; local landowners who collected taxes and kept some for themselves

Was Hindu or Muslim more popular in India?

Hindu

Who criticized Akbar's reforms?

Sirhindi

Aurangzeb:

reversed akbar's policies, went against Hindus, jizya tax is back

Who fought against Aurangzeb's rule?

The Hindu Maratha Confederacy.

Overall, ___________ _____________ weakened the Mughal Empire

religious intolerance