Heat and Temperature

A set of flashcards covering key concepts related to heat and temperature, phases of matter, thermodynamics, and heat transfer.

What is temperature a measure of?

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all molecules in a substance.

What are the three phases of matter?

The three phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

What is the difference between heat and temperature?

Heat is the total internal energy of all molecules, while temperature measures the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

What does specific heat capacity refer to?

Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat needed to raise 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy is conserved.

What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state about heat flow?

The Second Law states that heat will only spontaneously flow from hot to cold.

What mechanism requires physical contact to transfer heat?

Conduction is the mechanism that requires direct physical contact to transfer heat.

What are the properties of thermal energy?

Thermal energy interacts with matter and varies with temperature, affecting states of matter.

What is the formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?

TF = (9/5)TC + 32°.

What is latent heat?

Latent heat is the heat transferred during phase changes, such as melting and vaporization.

What is the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?

The Zeroth Law states that if body C is in thermal equilibrium with A and B, then A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

How is thermal conductivity measured?

Thermal conductivity (κ) measures how well a material transfers heat, with κ > 1 for conductors and κ < 1 for insulators.

What happens to entropy as temperature approaches absolute zero?

As temperature approaches absolute zero, entropy approaches zero.

What is the equation used to calculate the specific heat capacity of an unknown substance?

The equation is 0 = ∆water + ∆cup + ∆metal.

What is typical behavior of molecules in a solid phase?

Molecules in a solid have a defined shape and volume, bonded in place in a rigid structure.

What is the phase change from solid to liquid called?

The phase change from solid to liquid is called fusion.

What does the thermal energy transfer mechanism of radiation require?

Radiation does not require a medium; it can operate through a vacuum.