Untitled Flashcards Set

What is DNA replication?

DNA replication is the production of identical copies of DNA with identical base sequences.

What is the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication?

In semi-conservative DNA replication, each new DNA molecule consists of one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand.

What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?

Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides.

What is the function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

DNA polymerase links nucleotides to form a growing chain of nucleotides using a template strand.

What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

PCR is a method for amplifying a DNA sequence from a small sample.

What are the steps involved in the polymerase chain reaction?

Denaturation, Annealing, and Extension (replication by Taq DNA polymerase).

How does gel electrophoresis work?

Gel electrophoresis separates charged DNA fragments based on their size by moving them through a gel matrix under an electric field.

What is a DNA profile?

A DNA profile is a pattern created from an individual's DNA fragments, used for identification purposes in forensic science and paternity testing.

What role do primers play in PCR?

Primers attach to the DNA to be copied and provide a starting point for DNA synthesis.

Why is Taq DNA polymerase used in PCR?

Taq DNA polymerase can withstand high temperatures without denaturing, making it essential for the PCR process.

What is the significance of complementary base pairing in DNA replication?

Complementary base pairing ensures high accuracy in copying base sequences during DNA replication.

What is denaturation in the context of PCR?

Denaturation is the process of heating the DNA sample to 95°C to break hydrogen bonds and separate the two DNA strands.

How can DNA profiling be used in forensic investigations?

DNA from crime scenes can be processed to produce a DNA profile which can be compared to profiles of suspects.

What is the role of restriction endonucleases in DNA profiling?

Restriction endonucleases cut DNA into fragments that can be analyzed during gel electrophoresis.

What ensures the reliability of DNA profiles?

Increasing the number of DNA markers used reduces the probability of a false match in DNA profiling.

What is the reason for using gel electrophoresis in DNA profiling?

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments so that individual patterns can be compared.