ID'S Immigration/Urbanization (1-11)

Who, Great Chicago Fire 1871

Patrick and Catherine O'Leary.

what, Great Chicago fire 1871

 A two-day blaze that kills between 200 and 300 people, destroys 17,450 buildings, leaves 100,000 homeless and causes an estimated $200 million (in 1871 dollars; roughly $4 billion in 2020 dollars) in damages.

Impact, Great Chicago fire

The "Great Rebuilding" was the effort to construct a new, urban center. Big businesses, innovative buildings, and a new style of architecture were the results.

who, Chinese exclusion Act

Horace F. Page; Chester Arthur - President. 

what, Chinese exclusion act

prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers; establishing a quota system on immigrants coming into the country 

Impact, Chinese exclusion act

Setting the basic course of United States immigration law and policy, the Immigration Act of 1882 established categories of foreigners deemed “undesirable” for entry and gave the U.S. secretary of the treasury authority over immigration enforcement.

Who, Old Immigration(pre1880) vs New Immigration(post 1880)

New immigration" was a term from the late 1880s that came from the influx of Catholic and Jewish immigrants from southern and eastern Europe (areas that previously sent few immigrants).

what, Old Immigration(pre1880) vs New Immigration(post 1880)

 Unlike earlier immigrants, who mainly came from northern and western Europe, the "new immigrants" came largely from southern and eastern Europe. Largely Catholic and Jewish in religion, the new immigrants came from the Balkans, Italy, Poland, and Russia.

impact, Old Immigration(pre1880) vs New Immigration(post 1880)

Immigrants boost America's economic growth and raise the general productivity of American workers by providing much-needed skills. Immigrant workers allow important sectors of the economy to expand, attracting investment and creating employment opportunities for native-born Americans.

who, Plessy v Ferguson

Homer Adolph Plessy

What, Plessy v Ferguson

 landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal". 

Impact, Plessy v Ferguson

important because it essentially established the constitutionality of racial segregation. As a controlling legal precedent, it prevented constitutional challenges to racial segregation for more than half a century until it was finally overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown.

Who,Urbanization

The Midwestern and Western United States, Southern United States

what, Urbanization

Population shift from rural to urban areas, the decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change.

impact, Urbanization

Created enormous social, economic and environmental changes, which provide an opportunity for sustainability with the "potential to use resources more efficiently, to create more sustainable land use and to protect the biodiversity of natural ecosystems

Who, Tenement Housing

 Ernest Flagg

what,Tenement Housing

Overcrowded, poorly built apartment buildings in cities with little ventilation, sanitation, or safety.

impact, Tenement Housing

In its beginning, the tenant-house became a real blessing to that class of industrious poor whose small earning limited their expense.Led to health problems and poor living conditions. Exposed by reformers like Jacob Riis in How the Other Half Lives (1890), which pushed for housing reforms and building codes to improve urban living.

who, Social Gospel Movement

Washington Gladden,William Dwight Porter Bliss, and Walter Rauschenbusch

what, Social Gospel Movement

Movement within Protestantism that applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of social justice such as economic inequality, poverty, alcoholism, and crimes

what,Social Gospel Movement

religious movement that encouraged Christians to address social issues like poverty, inequality, and poor working conditions by applying Christian ethics to public life. said jesus could “redem” the mistakes made in the gilded age

who,‘How the Other Half Lives’

 Jacob Riis

what, ‘How the Other Half Lives’

Studies among the Tenements of New York is an early publication of photojournalism by Jacob Riis, documenting squalid living conditions in New York City slums in the 1880s.

impact, ‘How the Other Half Lives’

Caused the first significant New York legislation to limit poor conditions in tenement housing. It was also an important predecessor to muckraking journalism, which took shape in the United States after 1900.

who,Hull House

 Jane Addams founded, with Ellen Gates Starr

what, Hull House

 founded Hull House in Chicago's poor, industrial west side, the first settlement house in the United States. The goal was for educated women to share all kinds of knowledge, from basic skills to arts and literature with poorer people in the neighborhood.

impact, Hull House

instrumental in the enactment of state child labour laws and in the establishment of juvenile courts and juvenile protection agencies.

who, Ragtime Music

Scott Joplin

what, Ragtime Music

A genre of musical composition for the piano, generally in duple meter and containing a highly syncopated treble lead over a rhythmically steady bass. A ragtime composition is usually composed three or four contrasting sections or strains, each one being 16 or 32 measures in length.

impact, Ragtime Music

: Influenced early jazz and popular American music. It brought African American musical styles into mainstream culture and remains an important part of American musical history.

who,Yellow Journalism

 William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer.

what,Yellow Journalism

 used melodrama, romance, and hyperbole to sell millions of newspapers--a style that became known as yellow journalism.

impact,Yellow Journalism

One of many factors that helped push the United States and Spain into war in Cuba and the Philippines, leading to the acquisition of overseas territory by the United States.