Ceutics Exam 3 FITB

__________ are macromolecules consisting of multiple repeating units (___________) linked together by covalent bonds?

Polymers, monomers

______________ refers to the ability of a material to perform with an appropriate _______ response in a specific application without having ________ or injurious effects?

Biocompatibility, host, toxic

_______________ refers to the ability of a material to decompose via ________________ after interactions with biological elements?

Biodegradability, micro-organisms

Proteins, Nucleic acids, rubber, and polysaccharides are examples of ___________ polymers, whereas PEG, silicone elastomers, and acrylic polymers are examples of ____________ polymers?

Natural, Synthetic

(T/F) A homopolymer is composed of a mixture of different monomers such as nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) or proteins?

False, a copolymer.

(T/F) Polymers can be linear, branched, or crosslinked (linked from one backbone to another)?

True

The __________ of ________________ is the number of repeating units (monomer) in a polymer, (e.i. polyethylene)?

Degree, polymerization

Calculate the molecular weight (MW) of Polyethylene with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 200? _____________ remember MW = DP x (MW of monomer)

5600

Polymers are used in many applications in pharmaceutics such as: Pharmaceutical ______, __________ delivery, Hydro, ____________ biomaterials

Excipients, Drug, (Hydro)gels, Adhesive

Pharmaceutical ______________ refers to pharmaceutical materials, structures, and products of approximately ______nm to ______nm(size) however an upper limit of __________nm is often considered?

Nanotechnology, 1nm, 100nm, 1000nm

________ - Biocompatible polymers and can be tailored for specific drug release kinetics and targeting.

Polymeric Nanoparticles (B)

________ - Highly branched polymers that can carry drugs on their surface or within their structure.

Dendrimers (D)

________ - Composed of lipid bilayers and can encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.

Lipid-Based Nanoparticles (A)

_______ - Gold, silver and other metal nanoparticles can be functionalized for drug delivery and imaging

Metal Nanoparticles (C)

The advantages of nano delivery systems are that they __________ specific cells, release drugs in a __________ manner, they increase ___________, and they ___________ the drug by improving their stability?

Target, controlled, solubility, protect

Phospholipids are composed of a ______________ head (composed of choline, phosphate, glycerol) and a ________________ tail (composed of fatty acids)?

Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic

A ____________ is a small spherical vesicle composed of a lipid bilayer and range from 20 nm to 10 micro(u)m in diameter?

Liposome

The advantages of liposomal formulation for drug delivery include: _____________ and _____________ as well as decreasing ____________ due to protection from encapsulation of the drug?

Biodegradable, Biocompatible, side effects

Liposomes/nanoparticles with certain size accumulate in __________ tissue much more than normal tissues, known as the _____________________ effect?

Tumor, Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR)

The _________________ is irregular in shape, dilated, leaky or defective, the endothelial cells are poorly aligned or disorganized with large _______________? (important to know)

Neo-vasculature, fenestrations

Extrusion is the process of passing a liposome suspension through a ____________ with different pore sizes to achieve _____________ and ________________ is usually used as the membrane for extrusion?

Filter, homogeneity, polycarbonate

a. ____________ liposomes: neutral or negatively (-) charged

Conventional

b. ________ liposomes: polymer coatings, prolonged circulation time

Stealth

c. ___________ liposome: antibody modified

Immunoliposome

d. __________ liposome: positively charged (+), for nucleic acid delivery

Cationic

Stealth liposomes are commonly coated with ___________ (polymer) to avoid recognition by macrophages in the ___________________ which leads to ________ circulation and __________ uptake by target cells?

PEG, Mononuclear Phagocytic System (MPS), prolonged, increased

Stealth liposomes have several advantages such as improved targeting for solid _________ and decreased _________ toxicity?

Tumors, Cardiac

Immunoliposomes are conjugated with _______________ on their surface to increase their binding affinity for their target site, commonly used in _______ treatment?

Monoclonal Antibodies (mAb), cancer

_________ micelles are built from ________ with hydro_______ components comprising of poly (propylene oxide), poly (D,L-lactic acid), poly (ε-caprolactone, and poly(L-aspartate)?

Polymeric, copolymers, (hydro)phobic

________ micelles are formed by the self-assembly of ___________ lipid molecules?

Lipid, amphiphilic

The concentration of the polymer in a solution at which micelles start to form is known as the _______________________?

Critical Micelle Concentration

____________ are tree-like polymers that contain a central ______, an internal ________ structure made up of branched polymers, and the exterior _______ of the dendrimer (commonly has PEG, targeting group, and conjugated drug)?

Dendrimers, core, dendritic, surface

The main benefits of dendrimers are to increase _________ and extend _______________?

Solubility, Half-life

The commonly used types of solid nanoparticles are: solid _________ nanoparticle (e.i. PLGA), solid _______ nanoparticles, and _________ nanoparticles (e.g. Albumin)?

Polymeric, Lipid, Protein

A nano_______ contains the drug contained in a polymeric , whereas a nano contains the drug in an inner _____ surrounded by a polymeric ___________?

sphere, matrix, capsule, inner-core, membrane

The three “I”s of parental’s are the drug is ___________ (required by patient), ___________ (trauma from insertion), ___________ (cannot be undone)?

Imperative, Invasive, Irrevocable

Injectable suspensions and for-injectable suspensions must possess these 2 traits: _____________ and _______________?

Syringeability, Injectability

Injections are __________ preparations of a drug, whereas FOR injections are _____________ that when combined with other vehicles, yield a solution that meets the same requirements of injections?

Liquid, Dry Solids

__________ is near 100% fatal if administered intrathecally?

Vincristine

___________ and _________ products must be ___________ free due to potential ________, pH, or osmolarity properties?

Epidural, Intrathecal, preservative, antioxidants

Concentrated _________________ must have a black cap and _________ with warning that it must be diluted?

Potassium Chloride (KCl), Ferrule

Sterility cannot be 100% confirmed and is described using the statistical probability known as ____________________?

Sterility Assurance Level (SAL)

The method of choice for oils, fats, oleaginous products requiring DRY conditions is known as ____________ sterilization?

Dry Heat

The method of choice for heat sensitive solutions is ____________ sterilization and uses a _______ microns filter, but has to be checked for validity using ________________, to ensure drug was not retained?

Filtration, 0.2 microns, Bubble Point Testing

The sterilization process that is used to interfere with all known viruses, bacteria, fungi, and spores is ______________?

Autoclaving

To be __________ free, is to be free of items from the environment, equipment, etc. that can cause tissue injury, allergic reactions, or death, but to be ___________ free means to be free of any substance that can cause fever?

Particulate, Pyrogen

HEPA filtration removes 99.97% of _______ micron or larger particles?

0.3

The critical sites of a syringe are the ________ (front) and the _______ (back) and must avoid contamination?

Tip, Rib

Syringes are accurate to the ______ of the smallest increment marking on the syringe, and are measured using the _______ edge of the ________ piston?

½, final, plunger

__________ injection involves the area of fat tissue located beneath the skin between the dermis and muscle, whereas _____________ injection is in a muscle mass (e.g. deltoid)?

Subcutaneous, Intramuscular

_________ Catheters (venous access devices) are most common but have short duration of use (days) and limitations on infusions, but __________ catheters such as PICC or CVC, are longer duration of use (days to months) but are much riskier to maintain and insert?

Peripheral, Central

A PICC line catheter ends in the _________, compared to a Midline catheter tip ends in the __________?

Right Atrium, Superior vena cava (SVC)

___________ occurs when a small piece of a rubber diaphragm from the vial is introduced into the vial contents?

Coring

_________ have a filtering requirement of ____ microns to ensure no glass particulates after opening and have a storage time of ____ after opening?

Ampules, 5, 28

Single dose containers by use date (BUD) is a max of ____ hours, but multiple dose containers is a max of _____ days unless otherwise set by manufacturer?

12, 28

The Nation Drug Code (NDC): -First set of numbers identifies the _________ -Second set of numbers identifies the __________ -Third set of numbers identifies the ____________ (SIZE)

Labeler, product, package code