Ceutics Exam 3 FITB

____________ are macromolecules consisting of multiple repeating units (___________) linked together by covalent bonds?

______________ refers to the ability of a material to perform with an appropriate _______ response in a specific application without having ________ or injurious effects (e.g. a stent placed in a vein)?

_______________ refers to the ability of a material to decompose via ________________ after interactions with biological elements?

Proteins, Nucleic acids, rubber, and polysaccharides are examples of ___________ polymers, whereas PEG, silicone elastomers, and acrylic polymers are examples of ____________ polymers?

(T/F) A homopolymer is composed of a mixture of different monomers such nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) or proteins? ____

(T/F) Polymers can be linear, branched, or crosslinked (linked from one backbone to another)?

The __________of ________________ is the number of repeating units (monomer) in a polymer, (e.i. polyethylene)?

Calculate the molecular weight (MW) of Polyethylene with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 200? _____________ remember MW = DP x (MW of monomer)

Polymers are used in many applications in pharmaceutics such as: Pharmaceutical ___________, __________ delivery, Hydro_____, ____________ biomaterials

Pharmaceutical ______________ refers to pharmaceutical materials, structures, and products of approximately ______nm to ______nm(size) however an upper limit of __________nm is often considered?

(MATCHING)

A. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles

B. Polymeric Nanoparticles

C. Metal Nanoparticles

D. Dendrimers

________ - Biocompatible polymers and can be tailored for specific drug release kinetics and targeting.

________ - Highly branched polymers that can carry drugs on their surface or within their structure.

________ - Composed of lipid bilayers and can encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.

_______ - Gold, silver and other metal nanoparticles can be functionalized for drug delivery and imaging

The advantages of nano delivery systems are that they __________ specific cells, release drugs in a __________ manner, they increase ____________, and they ___________ the drug by improving their stability?

Phospholipids are composed of a ______________ head (composed of choline, phosphate, glycerol) and a ________________ tail (composed of fatty acids)?

A ____________ is a small spherical vesicle composed of a lipid bilayer and range from 20 nm to 10 micro(u)m in diameter?

The advantages of liposomal formulation for drug delivery include: _____________ and _____________ as well as decreasing ____________ due to protection from encapsulation of the drug?

Liposomes/nanoparticles with certain size accumulate in __________ tissue much more than normal tissues, known as the _____________________ effect?

The _________________ is irregular in shape, dilated, leaky or defective, the endothelial cells are poorly aligned or disorganized with large _______________? (important to know)

Extrusion is the process of passing a liposome suspension through a ____________ with different pore sizes to achieve _____________ and ________________ is usually used as the membrane for extrusion?

a. ______________ liposomes: neutral or negatively (-) charged

b. __________ liposomes: polymer coatings, prolonged circulation time

c. ___________liposome: antibody modified

d. __________ liposome: positively charged (+), for nucleic acid delivery

Stealth liposomes are commonly coated with ___________ (polymer) to avoid recognition by macrophages in the ___________________ which leads to ________ circulation and __________ uptake by target cells?

Stealth liposomes have several advantages such as improved targeting for solid _________ and decreased _________ toxicity?

Immunoliposomes are conjugated with _______________ on their surface to increase their binding affinity for their target site, commonly used in _______ treatment?

_________ micelles are built from ________ with hydro_______ components comprising of poly (propylene oxide), poly (D,L-lactic acid), poly (ε-caprolactone, and poly(L-aspartate)?

________ micelles are formed by the self-assembly of ___________ lipid molecules?

The concentration of the polymer in a solution at which micelles start to form is known as the _______________________?

____________ are tree-like polymers that contain a central ______, an internal ________ structure made up of branched polymers, and the exterior _______ of the dendrimer (commonly has PEG, targeting group, and conjugated drug)?

The main benefits of dendrimers are to increase _________ and extend _______________?

The commonly used types of solid nanoparticles are: solid _________ nanoparticle (e.i. PLGA), solid _______ nanoparticles, and _________ nanoparticles (e.g. Albumin)?

A nano_______ contains the drug contained in a polymeric ________, whereas a nano________ contains the drug in an inner _____ surrounded by a polymeric ___________?

The three “I”s of parental’s are the drug is ___________ (required by patient), ___________ (trauma from insertion), ___________ (cannot be undone)?

Injectable suspensions and for-injectable suspensions must possess these 2 traits: _____________ and _______________?

Injections are __________ preparations of a drug, whereas FOR injections are _____________ that when combined with other vehicles, yield a solution that meets the same requirements of injections?

__________ is near 100% fatal if administered intrathecally?

___________ and _________ products must be ___________ free due to potential ________, pH, or osmolarity properties?

Concentrated _________________ must have a black cap and _________ with warning that it must be diluted?

Sterility cannot be 100% confirmed and is described using the statistical probability known as ____________________?

The method of choice for oils, fats, oleaginous products requiring DRY conditions is known as ____________ sterilization?

The method of choice for heat sensitive solutions is ____________ sterilization and uses a _______ microns filter, but has to be checked for validity using ________________, to ensure drug was not retained?

The sterilization process that is used to interfere with all known viruses, bacteria, fungi, and spores is ______________?

To be __________ free, is to be free of items from the environment, equipment, etc. that can cause tissue injury, allergic reactions, or death, but to be ___________ free means to be free of any substance that can cause fever?

_________ filtration removes 99.97% of _______ micron or larger particles?

The critical sites of a syringe are the ________ (front) and the _______ (back) and must avoid contamination?

Syringes are accurate to the ______ of the smallest increment marking on the syringe, and are measured using the _______ edge of the ________ piston?

__________ injection involves the area of fat tissue located beneath the skin between the dermis and muscle, whereas _____________ injection is in a muscle mass (e.g. deltoid)?

_________ Catheters (venous access devices) are most common but have short duration of use (days) and limitations on infusions, but __________ catheters such as PICC or CVC, are longer duration of use (days to months) but are much riskier to maintain and insert?

A PICC line catheter ends in the _________, compared to a Midline catheter tip ends in the __________?

___________ occurs when a small piece of a rubber diaphragm from the vial is introduced into the vial contents?

_________ have a filtering requirement of ____ microns to ensure no glass particulates after opening and have a storage time of ____ after opening?

Single dose containers by use date (BUD) is a max of ____ hours, but multiple dose containers is a max of _____ days unless otherwise set by manufacturer?

The Nation Drug Code (NDC):

-First set of numbers identifies the _________

-Second set of numbers identifies the __________

-Third set of numbers identifies the ____________ (SIZE)

Answer Key:

Polymers, monomers

Biocompatibility, host, toxic

Biodegradability, micro-organisms

Natural, Synthetic

False, a copolymer. A homopolymer is composed of a single type of monomer, such as cellulose or natural rubber

True

Degree of polymerization

5600

Excipients, Drug (delivery), (Hydro)gels, Adhesive

Nanotechnology, 1nm-100nm, however 1000nm

In order top to bottom: Polymeric (B), Dendrimers (D), Lipid-based (A), Metal (C)

Target, controlled, solubility, protect

Hydrophilic (head), Hydrophobic (tail)

Liposome

Biodegradable, Biocompatible, side effects

Tumor, Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR)

Neo-vasculature, fenestrations

Filter, homogeneity, polycarbonate

a. Conventional b. Stealth c. Immunoliposome d. Cationic

PEG, Mononuclear Phagocytic System (MPS), prolonged, increased

Tumors, Cardiac

Monoclonal Antibodies (mAb), cancer

Polymeric, copolymers, (hydro)phobic

Lipid, amphiphilic

Critical Micelle Concentration

Dendrimers, core, dendritic, surface

Solubility, Half-life

Polymeric, Lipid, Protein

(Nano)sphere, matrix, (Nano)capsule, inner-core, membrane

Imperative, Invasive, Irrevocable

Syringeability, Injectability

Liquid, Dry Solids

Vincristine

Epidural, Intrathecal, preservative, antioxidants

Potassium Chloride (KCl), Ferrule

Sterility Assurance Level (SAL)

Dry Heat

Filtration, 0.2 microns, Bubble Point Testing

Gas

Particulate, Pyrogen

HEPA, 0.3 microns

Tip, Rib

½, final, plunger

Subcutaneous, Intramuscular

Peripheral, Central

Right Atrium, Superior vena cava (SVC)

Coring

Ampules, 5 microns

12 hours, 28 days

‘Labeler’, product, package code