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Metabolism
The set of biochemical reactions that transform biomolecules and transfer energy in cells.
Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion associated with any form of movement.
Potential Energy
Stored energy that depends on the structure and position of an object.
Laws of Thermodynamics
Principles that govern energy flow in biological systems.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
A molecule that stores and transfers energy in cells.
Anabolism
The building of subunits into macromolecules, consuming ATP.
Phototrophs
Organisms that obtain energy from sunlight, such as plants.
Autotrophs
Organisms that obtain carbon from inorganic sources.
Heterotrophs
Organisms that obtain carbon from organic compounds.
Chemotrophs
Organisms that obtain energy from chemical compounds, such as animals.
Catabolism
The breaking down of macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids) into subunits, producing ATP.
Anabolism
The building of subunits into macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids), consuming ATP.
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy is neither created nor destroyed.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
The total entropy of a system either increases or remains constant in any spontaneous process.
Microbiome
The collection of microbes, both helpful and potentially harmful, associated with the human body.
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