BIOA1H3 F - Module 3: Lecture 03

Metabolism

The set of biochemical reactions that transform biomolecules and transfer energy in cells.

Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion associated with any form of movement.

Potential Energy

Stored energy that depends on the structure and position of an object.

Laws of Thermodynamics

Principles that govern energy flow in biological systems.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

A molecule that stores and transfers energy in cells.

Anabolism

The building of subunits into macromolecules, consuming ATP.

Phototrophs

Organisms that obtain energy from sunlight, such as plants.

Autotrophs

Organisms that obtain carbon from inorganic sources.

Heterotrophs

Organisms that obtain carbon from organic compounds.

Chemotrophs

Organisms that obtain energy from chemical compounds, such as animals.

Catabolism

The breaking down of macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids) into subunits, producing ATP.

Anabolism

The building of subunits into macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids), consuming ATP.

First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy is neither created nor destroyed.

Second Law of Thermodynamics

The total entropy of a system either increases or remains constant in any spontaneous process.

Microbiome

The collection of microbes, both helpful and potentially harmful, associated with the human body.