Elements and Principles of Design

Color

A light reflected off objects. Hue is the other name.

Primary Colors

The three essential colors that can be combined to create a wide range of other colors, specifically red, blue, and yellow.

Secondary

Colors created by mixing two primary colors, including orange, green, and purple.

Tertiary Colors

Colors formed by mixing a primary color with a secondary color, resulting in hues such as red-orange, blue-green, and yellow-green.

Shape

A flat, enclosed area with two dimensions.

Form

A 3D object that has volume and depth.

Line

A mark that connects 2 points.

Value

How light/dark a color or tone is.

Texture

The surface quality of an object that can be seen or felt, which adds interest and depth to a design.

Size

Big or small an object is.

Balance

How visual weight is shared evenly to look stable.

Contrast

The difference between 2 elements to make parts stand out.

Emphasis

A clear focal point that grabs the viewer’s attention.

Pattern

Repeating elements in a steady, predictable way.

Proportion

The size relationship between different parts of a design.

Unity

How well all the individual parts work together to look complete.

Creative Economy

Is made up of industries that use imagination, talent, and culture to create products and services.

Music Domain

Plays a vital role in Filipino life, from celebrations and festivals to storytelling and daily routines.

Rondalla

A traditional string ensemble that performs folk songs and dances using native instruments such as bandurria, laud, and octavina.

Contemporary OPM (Original Pilipino Music)

Blends Filipino lyrics with modern musical styles, helping the music industry grow on streaming platforms and live performances.

Theater Domain

It uses acting, stage design, costumes, and scripts to convey powerful messages to the audience.

Tanghalang Pilipino

It stages original and adapted Filipino plays such as Walang Sugat and Mabining Mandirigma, tackling national history and identify.

Trumpets

Asia’s first professional gospel theater group (The Blue Bird of Happiness and Joseph the Dreamer)

Repertory Philippines

Known as an English speaking theater group. (Jepoy and the Magic, Art, and Going Home to Christmas)

New Voice Company

Takes part in activities involving the women’s rights.

Monique Wilson

A prominent Filipino actress, director, and advocate for women's rights, known for her significant contributions to theater and social issues.

PETA (Philippine Educational Theater Association)

A tool for education and social awareness. Their plays often deal with current issues such as human rights, environment, and gender equality. (Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, at Mga Kwento ni Lola Basyang)

Dance Domain

Expresses rhythm, story, and movement tied to Filipino culture.

Sinulo and Ati-Atihan Festival Dances

Honor saints and depict tribal traditions through vibrant costumes, drums, and street choreography.

Tinikling

Where dancers skillfully step between bamboo poles, mimicking the movement of tikling birds.

Types of Lines

Horizontal, Vertical, and Zigzag

Visual Arts Domain

Include painting, sculpture, drawing, digital arts, photography, and even street art.

Fernando Amorsolo

A national artist for painting, is widely celebrated for his idealized depictions of rural Philippine life. (Dalagang Bukid and Planting Rice)

Benedicto Cabrera (BenCab)

Known for his modern and expressive style. (Sabel)

Sculpture

A 3D artwork made by carving or molding.

Photography

Captures real-life moments using a camera.

Installation Art

Largem often interactice artworks.

Crafts

Handmade objects that show skill and tradition.

Media and Communication Arts

A domain of the creative industries that focuses on how messages, stories, and information are shared through various platforms.

Film

Portrays our values, daily struggles, victories, and dreams. Through creative direction, acting, cinematography, filmmakers express unique perspectives on Filipino history and culture.

Television

Continues to be a strong medium in Filipino homes, providing a mix of entertainment, education, and public service.

Radio

It delivers real-time news, plays music, and broadcasts public service programs that educate and support communities.

Digital Media

Fast-growing and gives Filipinos, most especially among the youth, a chance to shine without needing big studios or networks.

Digital Interactive Media Domain

Includes content that users can actively engage with, such as video games, digital apps, interactive websites, and virtual experiences.

Publishing and Printed Media Domain

Supports various creative professionals such as writers, editors, illustrators, and publishers.