Legal studies -yr 11 revision

New concepts of justice?

Shift from capital punishment to rights and rehab

Why reform for new tech?

Tech advances require updated laws

Example of tech law change?

Legal definition of death from life-support use

Example of tech aiding justice?

DNA evidence in old cases

How can events cause reform?

Single events prompt law reviews

Law reform groups role?

Recommend changes for legal efficiency

Media role in reform?

Raise awareness of legal issues

Lobby groups role?

Target influence to enact change

What are rights?

Legal/moral entitlements for all individuals

Definition of responsibilities?

Legal/moral obligations to others or society

Relation of rights & responsibilities?

Rights come with corresponding duties

Legal basis of rights?

Statutes like Crimes Act 1900

Tech power in society?

Can make or break society due to dependence

What is the meaning of law

A set of rules officially recognised

How are laws enforced

Court and police systems

What is the legal system

System of courts prosecutors and police

What is equality

Same rights or status for all

Example of equality in law

Children under 10 cannot be held legally accountable

What is doli incapax

Incapable of wrong

What is procedural fairness

Fair processes to resolve disputes

What is natural justice

Everyone treated fairly with right to be heard and unbiased decision maker

What is the rule of law

No one is above the law

Why do people obey laws

Sanctions deter crime

What is tyranny

Oppressive rule without lawful limits

What is the executive

Carries out laws via government agencies

What is the legislature

Makes and changes the law

What is the judiciary

Interprets the law and administers justice

What is common law

Law developed by judges for consistency

What is binding precedent

Lower courts must follow higher court decisions

What is persuasive precedent

Not binding but influential

What is the adversarial system

Opponents prove cases before impartial judge

What is the inquisitorial system

Judge actively investigates and decides case

What is original jurisdiction

Power to hear a case first time

What is appellate jurisdiction

Power to hear a case on appeal

What is civil jurisdiction

Power to hear civil disputes

What is criminal jurisdiction

Power to hear criminal cases

What is statute law

Law passed by parliament

Which holds greater authority statute or common law

Statute law

How many members in the House of Representatives

151

How many members in the Senate

76

What is delegated legislation

Laws made by non-parliamentary bodies

What is an enabling act

Law giving authority to make delegated legislation

One advantage of delegated legislation

Time saving for parliament

What is separation of powers

Each branch checks the others to protect rights

What is division of powers

Powers divided between federal and state governments

What are residual powers

Powers belonging solely to the states

Example of federal government power

Defence

Example of state government power

Public transport

What is state sovereignty

Supreme authority within a territory

Why might a country want sovereignty

Full control of internal and external affairs

What is private law

Law governing disputes between individuals

What is public law

Law governing disputes between state and citizens

Why is constitutional law public law

It concerns state powers and citizens rights

What was R v Bryant?

The case involving Martin Bryant - the perpetrator of the Port Arthur Massacre.

What is a massacre?

The intentional killing of a large number of people.

What is a conspiracy theory?

Speculation that there is a cover up of information surrounding a significant event by the government or other authorities.

When did the Port Arthur Massacre occur?

Sunday

How many people did Martin Bryant kill in the Port Arthur Massacre?

35 people.

Why is the Port Arthur Massacre significant in Australian history?

It was the worst massacre in Australian history and led to major gun law reforms.

Where did Martin Bryant begin shooting?

The Broad Arrow Café at the Port Arthur Historic Site in Tasmania.

How many people did Bryant kill in the café in just a few minutes?

20 people.

How many people were injured in the massacre?

23 people.

Why did the Port Arthur Massacre gain international attention?

The severity and scale of the killings shocked and horrified the country and the world.