MY Patho tests

A patient with hypoxemia

Could result from bacterial pneumonia, causing a ventilation abnormality

A patient with hypoxemia

Could result from hypoventilation

True

A patient has hypoxemia

Will present with a PAO2 less than 80 mm HG

true

A patient has hypoxemia

Could result from pulmonary edema, causing a pulmonary respiratory abnormality

true

A patient has hypoxemia

Could result from pulmonary embolism, causing a perfusion abnormality

true

A patient has hypoxemia

Typically present with a SPO2 greater than 95%

false

A patient has hypoxemia

Could result from pneumothorax

true

A patient has hypoxemia

Could result from COPD, causing a ventilation abnormality

true

A patient has hypoxemia

Could result from ARDS causing a ventilation in pulmonary respiration morality

true

A patient has hypoxemia

Could result from an acute asthma attack, causing a ventilation abnormality

true

What is pneumothorax?

A condition where air enters the pleural space (space between lungs and the wall of the chest), leading to lung collapse and impaired breathing.

What is pulmonary embolism?

A blockage in one or more arteries in the lungs is usually caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from the legs or other parts of the body.

An otherwise healthy 60-year-old male suffers from severe bleeding caused by peptic ulcer disease

He can develop AKI true or false

TRUE due to reduced renal perfusion and dehydration.

An otherwise healthy 60-year-old male suffers from severe bleeding caused by peptic ulcer disease.

Has a decrease in GFR, true or false?

True

An otherwise healthy 60-year-old male suffers from severe bleeding caused by peptic ulcer disease

has an increase in both BUN and creatinine

True, indicating impaired kidney function.

An otherwise healthy 60-year-old male suffers from severe bleeding caused by peptic ulcer disease

May have oliguria

True

In otherwise healthy 60-year-old male suffers from severe bleeding caused by peptic ulcer disease

likely has hematuria

False

In otherwise healthy 60-year-old male suffers from severe bleeding caused by peptic ulcer disease

would have prerenal AKI if AKI develops

True, due to volume depletion.

In otherwise healthy 60-year-old male suffers from severe bleeding caused by peptic ulcer disease

could have hematochezia

True

In otherwise healthy 60-year-old male suffers from severe bleeding caused by peptic ulcer disease

Has a gastric or duodenal ulcer

true

In otherwise healthy 60-year-old male suffers from severe bleeding caused by peptic ulcer disease secondary to long term NSAID use

Has a lower G.I. bleed

False

In otherwise healthy 60-year-old male suffers from severe bleeding caused by peptic ulcer disease

could have hematemesis

True They would puke blood due to the stomach being in the upper GI bleed

Most neoplasms are benign

true

Benign neoplasm are harmless

false

Cancers or malignant neoplasm

true

Grade 1 cancers are more aggressive than grade 4

false

Anemia is a common finding associated with stage 5CKD

true, as kidney function declines, the production of erythropoietin decreases, leading to reduced red blood cell production.

The most common sight for a UTI is the kidney

false, the most common site for a UTI is the bladder.

Hematuria may indicate abnormal renal function

true and can result from various causes, including infections, stones, or tumors in the urinary tract.

Constipation is defined as fewer than three bowel movements per day

false, it is typically defined as fewer than three bowel movements per WEEK

Crohn's disease is transmural and may involve the colon

true, it is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract.

In a patient with appendicitis, pain typically occurs before vomiting

true

RUQ pain associated with acute cholecystitis may radiate to the right shoulder

True, this type of pain is often referred pain due to irritation of the phrenic nerve.

Sarcoma are cancers that originate from epithelial tissue

False, sarcomas originate from connective tissues such as muscle, fat, or bone. They are distinct from carcinomas, which arise from epithelial tissue.

A cancer patient with T2 into M1 staging has documented metastasis

true

And otherwise healthy 25-year-old female is involved in a serious motor vehicle collision, suffering multiple traumatic injuries to her abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities, and as a result of her injuries, she has significant bleeding. Her heart rate was 121 bpm, blood pressure of 72/45, and her hemoglobin was 9.1.

The patient is hypotensive?

True, the patient is hypotensive as indicated by the low blood pressure of 72/45 mmHg.

And otherwise healthy 25-year-old female is involved in a serious motor vehicle collision, suffering multiple traumatic injuries to her abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities, and as a result of her injuries, she has significant bleeding. Her heart rate was 121 bpm, blood pressure of 72/45, and her hemoglobin was 9.1.

The patient is anemic?

True, the patient is anemic as indicated by the low hemoglobin level of 9.1, which is below the normal range.

And otherwise healthy 25-year-old female is involved in a serious motor vehicle collision, suffering multiple traumatic injuries to her abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities, and as a result of her injuries, she has significant bleeding. Her heart rate was 121 bpm, blood pressure of 72/45, and her hemoglobin was 9.1.

The patient has a MAP sufficient to provide normal perfusion to her organs?

False, the patient's MAP is calculated to be 56 mmHg, which is below the normal range needed for adequate organ perfusion.

And otherwise healthy 25-year-old female is involved in a serious motor vehicle collision, suffering multiple traumatic injuries to her abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities, and as a result of her injuries, she has significant bleeding. Her heart rate was 121 bpm, blood pressure of 72/45, and her hemoglobin was 9.1.

The patient is hypovolemic due to severe peripheral vasodilation?

True, the patient is hypovolemic as a result of significant bleeding from her traumatic injuries, leading to inadequate circulating blood volume and resultant peripheral vasodilation.

And otherwise healthy 25-year-old female is involved in a serious motor vehicle collision, suffering multiple traumatic injuries to her abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities, and as a result of her injuries, she has significant bleeding. Her heart rate was 121 bpm, blood pressure of 72/45, and her hemoglobin was 9.1.

This patient is tachycardic?

True, the patient's heart rate of 121 bpm indicates tachycardia, which is often a compensatory response to decreased blood volume and perfusion.

And otherwise healthy 25-year-old female is involved in a serious motor vehicle collision, suffering multiple traumatic injuries to her abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities, and as a result of her injuries, she has significant bleeding. Her heart rate was 121 bpm, blood pressure of 72/45, and her hemoglobin was 9.1.

The patient is an anaphylactic shock?

False, the patient's symptoms are consistent with hypovolemic shock due to significant bleeding rather than anaphylactic shock, which involves allergic reactions and airway compromise.

And otherwise healthy 25-year-old female is involved in a serious motor vehicle collision, suffering multiple traumatic injuries to her abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities, and as a result of her injuries, she has significant bleeding. Her heart rate was 121 bpm, blood pressure of 72/45, and her hemoglobin was 9.1.

The patient has severe CAD?

False, there is no indication of coronary artery disease (CAD) present in the patient's medical history or findings, which instead suggest hypovolemic shock from traumatic injuries.

And otherwise healthy 25-year-old female is involved in a serious motor vehicle collision, suffering multiple traumatic injuries to her abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities, and as a result of her injuries, she has significant bleeding. Her heart rate was 121 bpm, blood pressure of 72/45, and her hemoglobin was 9.1.

The patient will benefit from a vasodilator

False, the patient's condition suggests hypovolemic shock from bleeding, which typically requires fluid resuscitation and possibly blood transfusions rather than vasodilators that could worsen hypotension.

And otherwise healthy 25-year-old female is involved in a serious motor vehicle collision, suffering multiple traumatic injuries to her abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities, and as a result of her injuries, she has significant bleeding. Her heart rate was 121 bpm, blood pressure of 72/45, and her hemoglobin was 9.1.

The patient has low, cardiac output caused by left ventricular hypertrophy

False, the patient's condition is more indicative of hypovolemic shock due to significant bleeding, rather than low cardiac output caused by left ventricular hypertrophy.

And otherwise healthy 25-year-old female is involved in a serious motor vehicle collision, suffering multiple traumatic injuries to her abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities, and as a result of her injuries, she has significant bleeding. Her heart rate was 121 bpm, blood pressure of 72/45, and her hemoglobin was 9.1.

The patient has an increased myocardial workload

True, the significant bleeding and resultant hypovolemic shock can lead to compensatory mechanisms such as increased heart rate, which raises myocardial workload as the body attempts to maintain adequate perfusion.

And otherwise healthy 25-year-old female is involved in a serious motor vehicle collision, suffering multiple traumatic injuries to her abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities, and as a result of her injuries, she has significant bleeding. Her heart rate was 121 bpm, blood pressure of 72/45, and her hemoglobin was 9.1.

The RA AP has been activated

true

An obese 60-year-old diabetic male with a 40 pack-year smoking history suddenly experiences severe angina pectoris and dyspnea at rest. He is transported to the ED, where he has a blood test and an EKG. His blood test reveals elevated troponin levels, and his EKG shows ST-segment elevation. While in the ED, he rapidly developed severe pulmonary edema

The patient has mild CAD

False, the patient's symptoms and tests indicate severe coronary artery disease (CAD) due to the elevated troponin levels and ST-segment elevation on the EKG, which suggest an acute myocardial infarction.

An obese 60-year-old diabetic male with a 40 pack-year smoking history suddenly experiences severe angina pectoris and dyspnea at rest. He is transported to the ED, where he has a blood test and an EKG. His blood test reveals elevated troponin levels, and his EKG shows ST-segment elevation. While in the ED, he rapidly developed severe pulmonary edema

The patient has an increased myocardial O2 demand

True, the patient's obesity, diabetes, and acute symptoms indicate increased myocardial oxygen demand, which is further exacerbated by the severe angina and pulmonary edema.

An obese 60-year-old diabetic male with a 40 pack-year smoking history suddenly experiences severe angina pectoris and dyspnea at rest. He is transported to the ED, where he has a blood test and an EKG. His blood test reveals elevated troponin levels, and his EKG shows ST-segment elevation. While in the ED, he rapidly developed severe pulmonary edema

The patient has acute coronary syndrome

True, the patient displays symptoms such as severe angina, elevated troponin levels, and ST-segment elevation on the EKG, which are indicative of acute coronary syndrome.

An obese 60-year-old diabetic male with a 40 pack-year smoking history suddenly experiences severe angina pectoris and dyspnea at rest. He is transported to the ED, where he has a blood test and an EKG. His blood test reveals elevated troponin levels, and his EKG shows ST-segment elevation. While in the ED, he rapidly developed severe pulmonary edema

The patient has reduced CO

True, the patient's symptoms and conditions such as severe pulmonary edema indicate reduced cardiac output (CO), as the heart struggles to pump effectively during this acute event.

An obese 60-year-old diabetic male with a 40 pack-year smoking history suddenly experiences severe angina pectoris and dyspnea at rest. He is transported to the ED, where he has a blood test and an EKG. His blood test reveals elevated troponin levels, and his EKG shows ST-segment elevation. While in the ED, he rapidly developed severe pulmonary edema

The patient has developed systolic heart failure

True, the patient's presentation of severe pulmonary edema and dyspnea at rest suggests systolic heart failure, where the heart's ability to contract effectively is compromised.

An obese 60-year-old diabetic male with a 40 pack-year smoking history suddenly experiences severe angina pectoris and dyspnea at rest. He is transported to the ED, where he has a blood test and an EKG. His blood test reveals elevated troponin levels, and his EKG shows ST-segment elevation. While in the ED, he rapidly developed severe pulmonary edema

The patient is having a stemi

True, the combination of ST-segment elevation on the EKG and elevated troponin levels indicates that the patient is experiencing a ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), a serious type of heart attack.

An obese 60-year-old diabetic male with a 40 pack-year smoking history suddenly experiences severe angina pectoris and dyspnea at rest. He is transported to the ED, where he has a blood test and an EKG. His blood test reveals elevated troponin levels, and his EKG shows ST-segment elevation. While in the ED, he rapidly developed severe pulmonary edema

The patient has an increase in left arterial pressure

True, the patient's severe pulmonary edema indicates an increase in left atrial pressure, which occurs as the heart struggles to manage fluid overload due to impaired cardiac function.

An obese 60-year-old diabetic male with a 40 pack-year smoking history suddenly experiences severe angina pectoris and dyspnea at rest. He is transported to the ED, where he has a blood test and an EKG. His blood test reveals elevated troponin levels, and his EKG shows ST-segment elevation. While in the ED, he rapidly developed severe pulmonary edema

The patient has an increase in left ventricle after load

True, the increased workload from the compromised cardiac function and resulting pulmonary edema suggests an increase in left ventricular afterload, impacting the heart's ability to pump effectively.

An obese 60-year-old diabetic male with a 40 pack-year smoking history suddenly experiences severe angina pectoris and dyspnea at rest. He is transported to the ED, where he has a blood test and an EKG. His blood test reveals elevated troponin levels, and his EKG shows ST-segment elevation. While in the ED, he rapidly developed severe pulmonary edema

The patient will benefit from a drug that reduces preload

True, administering a drug that reduces preload, such as a diuretic or nitrate, can help alleviate pulmonary edema by decreasing the volume of blood returning to the heart

An obese 60-year-old diabetic male with a 40 pack-year smoking history suddenly experiences severe angina pectoris and dyspnea at rest. He is transported to the ED, where he has a blood test and an EKG. His blood test reveals elevated troponin levels, and his EKG shows ST-segment elevation. While in the ED, he rapidly developed severe pulmonary edema

The patient will benefit from a positive inotrope

true

An obese 60-year-old diabetic male with a 40 pack-year smoking history suddenly experiences severe angina pectoris and dyspnea at rest. He is transported to the ED, where he has a blood test and an EKG. His blood test reveals elevated troponin levels, and his EKG shows ST-segment elevation. While in the ED, he rapidly developed severe pulmonary edema

The patient will benefit from a drug that reduces my cardio workload

True, a drug that reduces myocardial workload, such as a beta-blocker, will help lower oxygen demand and improve cardiac efficiency.

Cardiogenic shock

is a condition where the heart suddenly can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, often due to severe heart muscle damage, leading to symptoms like low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, and pulmonary edema.

Distributive shock

is a type of shock caused by widespread vasodilation and decreased systemic vascular resistance, often resulting in inadequate blood flow to organs. It can occur in conditions like septic shock, neurogenic shock, or anaphylactic shock.