Composition Final

a capella

voice only / without instruments

ad libitum - ad lib

with free rhythm / expression

adagio

slow tempo

alla breve

cut time / 2 over 2

allargando

becoming gradually slower + more stately

allegro

fast

allegretto

fairly quick, slower than allegro

andante

moderately slow tempo "walking pace"

andantino

slightly lighter/quicker than andante

arco

with the bow

assai

very

attacca

begin the next movement immediately "attack at once"

a tempo

at the previous tempo

breve

a double whole note

cantabile

perform in a singing style

come prima

as before

come sopra

as previously

con

with

con fuoco

with intensity "fire"

crescendo

gradually increasing intensity to a peak

da capo

from the beginning

dal segno

play from the sign

dolce

sweetly, gently

espressivo

perform with expression of feeling

fermata

symbol which indicates a note should be held longer than written, at performers discretion

fine

end

giusto

exactly, correct

grave

very slow, solemn

grazioso

graceful, smooth, elegant

largo

slow, faster than grave but slower than adagio

leggiero

light; nimble

pesante

heavy and ponderous

l'istesso

the same tempo as before

laissez vibrer

let ring / "vibrate"

loco

return to normal "in place"

lunga

like a fermata "long pause"

ma

but

ma non troppo

but not too much

maestoso

in a majestic manner

meno

less

molto

very

mosso

animated, rapid

piu

more

misura

measure

sempre

always

senza misura

without measures

subito

suddenly

moderato

moderate tempo - between allegro + andantino

a niente

fade to silence

possible

possible

quasi

as if; resembling

rallentando

gradually getting slower

scordatura

string tuning that differs form the standard

semplice

simple

simile

in the same way

sostenuto

sustained

staccato

each note sharply detached

troppo

too much

volti subito

turn the page at once

Medieval

900-1400

Renaissance

1400-1600

Baroque

1600-1750

Classical

1750-1827

Romantic

1827-1920

20th Century

1900-1955

Modern

1955-present

J.S. Bach

1685-1750

Ludwig van Beethoven

1770-1827

Igor Stravinsky

1882-1971

Violino

Violin

Viola

Viola

Violoncello

Violoncello

Contrabasso

Double Bass

Arpa

Harp

Archi

Strings

Legni

Woodwinds

Ottavino

Piccolo

Flauto

Flute

Oboe

Oboe

Corno Inglese

English Horn

Clarinetto

Clarinet

Clarone

Bass Clarinet

Fagotto

Bassoon

Contrafagotto

Contrabassoon

Sassofone

Saxophone

Ottoni

Brass

Corno

Horn

Tromba

Trumpet

Trombone

Trombone

Tuba

Tuba

Percussione

Perccusion

Marimba

Marimba

Xilofono

Xylophone

Campanelli

Orchestral Bells

Vibrafono

Vibraphone

Campene

Tubular Chimes

Celesta

Celesta

Gong

Gong

Crotali

Crotales

Incudine

Anvil