Unit 5-6

War of the Austrian Succession

• Conflict sparked by Frederick the Great of Prussia challenging Empress Maria Theresa’s right to inherit the Hapsburg lands

• Shifting alliances

• Treaty of Aix-la-chappelle ended it, gave Silesia to Prussia

Seven Years War

• 1756-1763

• British made dominant empire by defeating the French in America

estates system

• Social hierarchy, mostly seen in France

• First estate (Clergy) held significant power

• Second Estate (Nobility) Aristocrats, lords, held high government positions, had special rights

• Third estate (Commoners) Everyone else, had few rights and high economic burden

parlements

• Noble dominated, high regional courts in France

• Could refuse royal edicts

• Resisted absolutism

Louis XVI

• Married to Marie Antoinette

• King during the French Revolution

• Executed for treason

Marie Antoinette

• French queen during the French Revolution

• executed for treason, suppressing the revolution and ties to Austria

Estates General

• French assembly representing the three states

• clergy (1st state), nobility (2nd state) and commoners (3rd state)

National Assembly

• revolutionary body formed by Frances’ 3rd estate

• formed after they left the estates general

Tennis Court Oath

• members of the 3rd estate

• 1789

• swore to not disband until France had a constitution

The Great Fear

• waves of panic, riots and fear within commoners

• commoners thought the French nobility to be hiring mercenaries to snuff the revolution

Paris Market Women (Poissards)

• Working class women

• Marched to Versailles in October 1789, forcing the royal family back to Paris

August Decrees

• revolutionary laws passed by France

• dismantled feudal systems, abolished nobility/clergy privilege, ended tax expections

Declaration of the Rights of man and citizen

• book of the french revolution

• defines universal individual and collective rights

• for men

Declaration of the rights of women

• basically Declaration of the Rights of man and citizen, but a female included version

• olympe de Gouges

• demanded equal rights for women

Declaration of Pilnitz

• joint statement between Austria and Prussia’s leaders warning France that they’d intervene militarily to restore Louis XVI to power

Jacobins

• radical revolutionary group during the FR

• pushed for republic, democracy and equality

• led the Reign of Terror

national convention

• Revolutionary assembly that led France during the FR

• Abolished the monarchy

• Established the first French Republic

• Oversaw the reign of terror

• Led by Robespierre

• Made way for the directory

The Vendee

• Brutal counter-revolutionary uprising driven by peasants, clergy, and nobles angry about the FR radicalism

Levee en Masse

• FR decree that started mass conscription to create a bigger military to defend against foreign invasion

• shift from smaller, regional armies to national army

The reign of terror

• Jacobins - led by Robespierre/committee of public safety

• mass executions, thousands killed on the suspicion of enemies to the revolution

Committee of public safety

• a french body of government made to protect France from internal and external threats

• dictator-like power during reign of terror

Cult of the supreme being

• religion created by Robespierre during FR to replace catholicism

the Thermidorian reaction

• Political shift in France that lead to the overthrow and execution of Robespierre, ending the radical phase of the revolution and the reign of terror

the directory

• French govt after reign of terror

• 5-6 years

• 5 man committee

Nap. Bonaparte

• military general and French emperor

• lead through revolutionary ideas

• conquered Europe

• defeat at Waterloo

Napoleonic code

• legal framework put in place by Nap.

• “unifies and simplifies laws”

• Enlightenment ideals

Sister republics

• different countries France/Napoleon conquered and put his brothers on the throne

Grand Armee

• Army lead by Napoleon into Russia

• defeated at Waterloo

Toussaint Louverture

• Leader of the Haitian Rev. and then ruler of Haiti

• Born a slave and rose in the military ranks after getting freedom

Haitian Rev.

• Led by Touissaint

• Evicted the French from Haiti

• Only successful slave revolt

Wars of national liberation

TBD

congress of Vienna

• Diplomatic conference to restore order after Napoleon’s defeat

• Austria, Britain, Prussia, Russia, France

• Restored traditional monarchies

• Suppression of Enlightenment ideas