Modern Biology 1: Chapter 3 Biological Macromolecules

Regulatory Protein and DNA

(The Macromolecules, interact with each other)

What are the four major classes of Organic Molecules found in living organisms?

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nycleic acids

Carbon atoms will bond in what way?

Covalently

Molecules consisting of carbon linked only to hydrogens atoms are called?

Hydrocarbons

Traits of Hydrocarbons consists of?

They are non-polar (Water-hating), and when functional groups are added they confer

Covalent Bonds store?

Considerable Energy

Functional groups are what?

Small reactive groups of atoms which give larger molecules specific chemical properties

Name the most relevant Functional Groups?

Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Phosphate, and Sulfhydryl

What to know about about Hydroxly?

An Alcohol, and Polar

What to know about Carbonyl?

Aldehydes, Ketones, and where it is located in a molecule

What to know about Carboxyl?

An Acid, ends with the last name acid

What to know about Amino?

Amines, (Amino Acid, has an Amino and a Carboxyl)

What to know about Phosphate

Present a lot, Every Macromolecule has Phosphate
(Organic Phosphates)

What to know about Sulfhydryl

Thiols
(Cystine has the Sulfhydryl group, and if their are two Cystines, they can make the Disulfide linkage making the whole protein tighter

Aspartame

Makes stuff sweet, made of a Dipeptide of Aspartic acid and Phenyl alanine
-Contains a Carboxyl, Hydroxyl, Amio

Isomers are molecules with the?

Same molecular or empirical formula but different molecules

Theirs two being Structural Isomers and Stereoisomers, what are they?

Structural Isomers: Same chemical formula, but different arrangement of atoms
Stereoisomers: Differs in how groups attached

Look at these Stereoisomers, what makes L and D different?

-If an Isomer polarizes light to the right it is a D Isomer (dextrorotatory)
-If an Isomer polarizes light to the left it is a L isomer (levorotatory)

Image of Structural and Stereoisomers

What is a Polymer?

Built by linking Monomers

What is a Monomer?

Small, similar chemical subunits

Dehydration Synthesis is the?

Formation of large molecules by removal of waters

The Monomers in Dehydration Synthesis are?

Joined to form polymers

Hydrolysis is the?

Breakdown of large molecules by adding water

The Polymers of Hydrolysis are?

Broken down to monomers

look through slide 19-20

Go from slide 20-24

Amylose and Glycogen are made from Alpha Glucose, while Cellulose and Chitin is made from Beta Gluclose