Week 1 Ch 3: Digestion and Absorption

iatrogenic

adverse condition resulting from medical treatment

hypogeusia

loss of taste

hypergeusia

heightened taste acuity

anorexia

lack or loss of appetite resulting in inability to eat

process of nutrition: stomach

chief cells produce pepsinogen; parietal cells release HCl to make gastric contents acidic; secrete intrinsic factor to aid absorption of vit B12; pepsinogen and HCl work together to being hydrolysis of protein

process of nutrition: small intestine

digestion; acidic chyme from stomach stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes; microvilli in intestinal wall produce lactase, sucrase, maltase, aminopeptidase, lipase; bile produced by liver and stored in the gallbladder aids in emulsification of fats

duodenum

electrolytes, minerals

jejunum

water-soluble vitamins, mono- and disaccharides

ileum

protein, fat-soluble vitamins, fat/cholesterol, vit B12

process of nutrition: large intestine

little or no actual digestive function; main function is reabsorption of water and electrolytes while forming and storing feces until defecation

celiac disease

autoimmune disorder caused by a permanent sensitivity to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals; if left untreated, microvilli in small intestine are damaged, impairing absorption of nutrients