Chapter 26 Bleeding (EMT B)

Coagulation

When your blood clots to stop bleeding when you get hurt

Contusion

Bruise from an injury that causes bleeding beneath the skin

• Bruise= ecchymosis

Eccymosis

Bruise

→Blood leaks out of small blood vessels under the skin causing purple, blue, or dark-colored path

Epistaxis

Nose bleed

Hematemesis

Vomited blood

Hematoma

Collection of blood within damaged tissue beneath the skin or body cavity

Hematuria

Blood in the urine

Hemophilia

Hereditary condition that causes a patient to lack one or more of the blood’s normal clotting factors

• All injuries no matter how small, are potentially serious

Hemoptysis

Coughing up bright red blood

Hemorrhage

Bleeding

Hemostatic Dressing

Dressing that has a chemical compound that slows or stops bleeding

Hypoperfusion

Circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation of blood

→SHOCK

Hypovolemic Shock

Body losses too much blood or fluid that leads to organ failure

Junctional Tourniquet

Stops very bad bleeding in places where a normal tourniquet won’t work

→Hips, groin, or armpits

Melena

Black, foul smelling, tarry stool containing digested blood

Open-book pelvic fracture

Life- threatening fracture of the pelvis caused by a force that displaces one or both sides of the pelvis lateral or posteriorly

Pelvic Binder

Splints the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bone ends, venous disruption, and pain

Shock

Circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation

Cardiovascular System

Circulates blood to all body’s cells and tissues

Sources of bleeding

1. Arteries: Spurting red blood → Pressure causes the blood to spurt

2. Veins: steady flow of dark red blood

3. Capillaries: Dark red, and oozes from a wound steadily but slowly

Vital Signs that may occur with significant blood loss?

• Increase in heart rate

• Increase in respiratory rate

• Decreased blood pressure

Consider bleeding to be serious if the following conditions are present

• Poor general appearance and no response to external stimuli

• Signs and symptoms of shock (hypoperfusion)

• Significant blood loss

• Rapid blood loss

• Uncontrolled bleeding

• Significant MOI

Will bleeding stop if a clot does not form?

No

Possible conditions causing internal bleeding include?

• Stomach ulcer

• Lacerated liver

• Ruptured spleen

• Broken bones

Only signs of internal bleeding are contusion or ecchymosis

Possible non traumatic causes of internal bleeding are?

• Bleeding ulcers

• Bleeding from the colon

• Ruptured etopic pregnancy

• Aneurysms

A broken femur can result in the loss of approximately how much blood?

1L

Pelvic Fractures may result in what?

Life-threatening hemorrhage

Methods available to control external bleeding

• Direct even pressure

• Pressure dressings/ or splints

• Tourniquets

• Hemostatic dressing

• Wound packing