Medical Terminology Chapter 13

scrotum

skin covered pouch in the groin divided into two sacs, each containing a testis and an epididymis

testis

one of the two male reproductive glands in the scrotum that produce sperm and testosterone; also called testicle

testicle

one of the two male reproductive glands in the scrotum that produce sperm and testosterone; also called testis

sperm

male gamete produced in the testes that unites with the oocyte to produce offspring; also called spermatozoon

spermatozoon

male gamete produced in the testes that unites with the oocyte to produce offspring; composed of a head, midpiece, and tail (flagellum); also called sperm

epididymis

coiled duct on the top and at the side of the testis that stores sperm before emission

penis

erectile tissue covered with skin that contains the urethra for urination and ducts for secretion of seminal fluid (semen)

glans penis

bulging structure at the distal end of the penis

prepuce

loose casing that covers the glans penis; removed by circumcision; also called foreskin

foreskin

loose casing that covers the glans penis; removed by circumcision; also called prepuce

vas deferens

duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct; also called ductus deferens

ductus deferens

duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct; also called vas deferens

seminal vesicle

one of two sac like structures behind the bladder that secrete an alkaline substance into semen to enable sperm to live longer

semen

mixture of secretions of the testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands discharged from the male urethra during orgasm

ejaculatory duct

duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra

prostate gland

trilobular gland encircling the urethra just below the bladder that secretes an alkaline fluid into semen; also called prostate

prostate

trilobular gland encircling the urethra just below the bladder that secretes an alkaline fluid into semen; also called prostate gland

bulbourethral glands

pair of glands below the prostate that add a viscid (sticky) fluid to semen; also called Cowper glands

Cowper glands

pair of glands below the prostate that add a viscid (sticky) fluid to semen; also called bulbourethral glands

perineum

external region between the scrotum and anus in a male and between the vulva and anus in a female

anorchism

absence of one or both testes

balanitis

inflammation of the glans penis

cryptorchism

undescended testicle; failure of a testis to descend into the scrotal sac; also called cryptorchidism

cryptorchidism

undescended testicle; failure of a testis to descend into the scrotal sac; also called cryptorchism

epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis

erectile dysfunction (ED)

failure to initiate or maintain an erection until ejaculation due to physical or psychologic dysfunction, formerly termed impotence

hydrocele

hernia of fluid in the testis or in the tubes leading from the testis

hypospadias

congenital abnormal opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

Peyronie disease

buildup of hardened fibrous tissue in the corpus cavernosum causing pain and curvature of the penis, especially during erection

phimosis

narrowed condition of the prepuce preventing it from being drawn over the glans penis; often leads to infection; commonly requires circumcision

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

enlargement of the prostate gland in older men causing urinary obstruction; also called benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

enlargement of the prostate gland in older men causing urinary obstruction; also called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

prostate cancer

malignancy of the prostate gland

prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate

aspermia

inability to secrete or ejaculate sperm

azoospermia

semen without living spermatozoa; a sign of infertility in a male

oligospermia

decreased production and expulsion of sperm

mucopurulent discharge

drainage of mucus and pus

spermatocele

painless, benign cystic mass containing sperm lying above and posterior to, but separate from, the testicle

testicular cancer

malignant tumor in one or both testicles commonly developing from germ cells that produce sperm; classified in two groups by growth potential

seminoma

most common type of testicular tumor, composed of immature germ cells; highly treatable with early detection

nonseminoma

testicular tumor from more mature germ cells; tends to be more aggressive than seminomas and often develops earlier in life

varicocele

enlarged, swollen, herniated veins near the testis

chlamydia

most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in North America; often asymptomatic and treated only after it has spread

gonorrhea

contagious inflammation of the genital mucous membranes caused by Neisseria

gonorrhoeae syphilis

sexually transmitted infection caused by a spirochete; may involve any organ over time; usually first shows painless red papules that erode to bloodless ulcers called chancres

hepatitis B virus (HBV)

virus that causes inflammation of the liver; transmitted through body fluids including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood

herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV

2)

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

virus that causes AIDS, permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases; contracted via exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids

human papillomavirus (HPV)

virus transmitted by direct sexual contact that infects the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals

condyloma acuminatum (condylomata acuminata)

lesion due to HPV; cauliflower like warts on skin and flat lesions on mucous membranes; also called venereal warts or genital warts

biopsy (Bx)

tissue sampling used to identify neoplasia

biopsy of the prostate

needle biopsy of the prostate gland, often performed with ultrasound guidance

testicular biopsy

biopsy of a testicle

digital rectal examination (DRE)

insertion of a finger into the male rectum to palpate the rectum and prostate

prostate specific antigen (PSA) test

blood test used to screen for prostate cancer; elevated levels indicate possible presence of tumor

urethrogram

x ray of the urethra and prostate

semen analysis

study of semen including sperm count and observation of morphology (form) and motility; usually to rule out male infertility endorectal

sonogram of the prostate

scan of the prostate after introducing an ultrasonic transducer into the rectum; also used to guide needle biopsy; also called transrectal sonogram of the prostate

transrectal sonogram of the prostate

scan of the prostate after introducing an ultrasonic transducer into the rectum; also used to guide needle biopsy; also called endorectal sonogram of the prostate

circumcision

removal of the foreskin (prepuce), exposing the glans penis

epididymectomy

removal of an epididymis

orchiectomy

removal of a testicle; also called orchi ectomy

orchidectomy

removal of a testicle; also called orchi ectomy

orchioplasty

repair of a testicle

orchiopexy

fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum

prostatectomy

removal of the prostate gland

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

removal of prostatic tissue through the urethra using a resectoscope; common treatment for BPH

vasectomy

removal of a segment of the vas (ductus) deferens to produce sterility in the male

vasovasostomy

restoration of the function of the vas deferens to regain fertility after a vasectomy

chemotherapy

treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce

radiation therapy

treatment of neoplastic disease using radiation to stop proliferation of malignant cells

brachytherapy

radiation therapy using internal implantation of radioactive isotopes (e.g., seeds) for localized application, used to treat prostate cancer

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

use of a hormone to remedy a deficiency or regulate production (e.g., testosterone)

penile prosthesis

implantation of a device designed to provide an erection of the penis; used to treat physical impotence

penile self injection

intracavernosal injection therapy causing an erection; used to treat erectile dysfunction

balan/o

glans penis

epididym/o

epididymis

orch/o

testis or testicle

orchi/o

testis or testicle

orchid/o

testis or testicle

perine/o

perineum

prostat/o

prostate

spermat/o

sperm (seed)

sperm/o

sperm (seed)

test/o

testis or testicle

vas/o

vessel

BPH

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Bx

biopsy

DRE

digital rectal examination

ED

erectile dysfunction

HBV

hepatitis B virus

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

HPV

human papillomavirus

HRT

hormone replacement therapy

HSV-2

herpes simplex virus type 2

PSA

prostate-specific antigen

STD

sexually transmitted disease

TURP

transurethral resection of the prostate