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Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to civil liberties and civil rights, based on the provided lecture notes.

Civil Liberties

Protections against government.

Civil Rights

Positive acts of government that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people.

Double-Jeopardy

The prosecution of a person twice for the same offense.

Act

Legislation that has been approved by both the House and the Senate that has become a law.

Due Process of Law

The idea that the government must act fairly and in accord with established rules and laws in all that it does.

Grand Jury

A group of people selected to sit on a jury that decides whether the prosecutor's evidence provides probable cause to issue an indictment.

Self-Incrimination

The act of providing information that will suggest your involvement in a crime or expose you to criminal prosecution.

Amendment

An addition or alteration made to a constitution, statute, or legislative bill or resolution.

Bill of Rights

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution.

Anti-Federalist

A late-18th-century political movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A landmark piece of legislation that outlawed discrimination in a number of areas and addressed voting rights for ALL Americans.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

A Supreme Court case that ruled that separate but equal was unconstitutional.

Plessy v. Ferguson

A Supreme Court case that allowed for separate but equal but was overturned by Brown v. Board of Education.

5th Amendment

Guarantees certain protections relevant to criminal and civil legal proceedings, including the right to a grand jury.

14th Amendment

Addresses aspects of citizenship and the rights of citizens, including ‘equal protection of the laws’.

Process of Incorporation

The combination of most guarantees in the Bill of Rights into the 14th amendment.

15th Amendment

Provided the right to vote to people of color.

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote in 1920.

24th Amendment

Banned poll taxes as a condition of voter qualification.

26th Amendment

Lowered the voting age to 18.