Emergent Properties, Bonding Concepts, and Learner Metacognition (Video Flashcards)

Vocabulary flashcards covering emergent properties, biological hierarchy, covalent vs noncovalent bonding, polar vs nonpolar covalent bonds, electronegativity, ionic bonds, valence concepts, and the metacognitive learning cycle as discussed in the video.

Emergent properties

Properties that arise at a higher level of organization due to increased complexity and interactions among components, not present in the individual parts.

Hierarchy of life

Biological organization from subatomic particles up to the biosphere, with each level adding complexity and new traits.

Covalent bond

A chemical bond formed by sharing one or more pairs of electrons between atoms.

Noncovalent bond

A non-sharing attraction between atoms (or molecules) that includes ionic, hydrogen, and van der Waals interactions.

Polar covalent bond

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally due to differences in electronegativity, creating partial charges.

Nonpolar covalent bond

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared relatively evenly because the bonding atoms have similar electronegativities.

Electronegativity

The tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond; differences between atoms drive bond type.

Ionic bond

A bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions that arise from electron transfer.

Valence electron

Electrons in the outermost shell that determine an atom’s bonding behavior and reactivity.

Outer shell / outermost shell

The electron shell farthest from the nucleus; its occupancy (valence electrons) governs bonding and stability.

Atomic number

Number of protons in the nucleus; defines the element and, in a neutral atom, equals the number of electrons.

Hydrogen bond

A weak noncovalent interaction where a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom (like O or N) interacts with another electronegative atom.

Polarity

A distribution of electric charge within a molecule leading to partial positive and negative regions due to unequal sharing of electrons.

Metacognition

Thinking about one’s own thinking processes to plan, monitor, and evaluate learning strategies.

Learning cycle

A model of learning stages: assess task, plan approach, apply/perform, and reflect on results to improve understanding.