Interior Design: Analyzing Space and Human Interaction

What is the first step in the interpretive analysis of a client's requirements?

Interpretive analysis of the Client's Requirements.

What should be analyzed regarding the site and building?

The inherent properties of space, light, and form.

What is the purpose of synthesizing data and observational records?

To prepare for joint theoretical reasoning and other categories.

What geometric concepts should be considered in design?

Geometric laws and principles.

What systems are important to consider in the design process?

Proportional systems.

What human characteristics should be taken into account in design?

Anatomy, physiological, and psychological characteristics.

What aspects of human behavior in interiors should be referred to?

Movement, posture, and responsiveness.

What should conceptual approaches to a project be based on?

Expressing the client's identity, materials, structure, and using lighting expressively.

What personal influences should a designer draw from?

Cultural, social, and political climate.

How should a designer apply their knowledge of psychology in design?

By using the Psychology of Vision on behalf of the user.

What theory should be applied to design work?

Perception theory.

What is crucial for a designer to confirm about their work?

Their conviction and belief in what they are doing and why.

What does the design process encompass?

Inception to completion.

What is involved in the formation of a project team?

Including external consultants.

What does the programme of work involve?

Charting critical time and managing the contract smoothly.

What is the role of monitoring in the design process?

To keep the client informed and assist in decision making.

What historical aspect is noted about humankind and interior spaces?

Humans occupied natural interior spaces before building their own.

What are the two types of environments mentioned?

Natural and adapted environments.

What is the challenge of handling space in design?

Space is the result of the making of the solid.

What elements of illumination are important in design?

Artificial or natural, task or decorative illumination.

What classifications of attitude describe the relationship of man to the landscape?

Religious and cosmological, symbiotic, and exploitative.

What is the significance of furniture in interior design?

It supports human form and facilitates rest, work, and play.

What are the three approaches to new additions in relation to existing buildings according to Robert Venturi?

INTERVENED (responds to existing character), INSERTED (separate and distinct), INSTALLED (allows independent existence).

What are the four types of space described in terms of dualities and opposites?

Compressive and Expansive, Liberated and Confined, High and Low, Light and Dark.

What are the distinguishing features of space?

Character, Purpose, Effect, Atmosphere, Style, Mood, Quality, Aesthetic, Scale, Stature.

What is the main duality in design according to the notes?

Physical mass and space.

How can space be described in terms of containment?

By the degree of total or partial separation through the planning of walls, floors, and ceilings.

What is meant by 'Edges' in the context of describing space?

Edges are visually determined by all enclosing parts of the interior.

What defines a 'Boundary' in a space?

A boundary is a defined area of activity.

What does 'Domain' refer to in the context of space?

Domain is defined by the name of the activity performed within the space.

What is the significance of 'Circulation Pattern' in space?

It refers to the routes of people who move through and use the space.

What is the 'Centre' of a space?

The heart of the space.

What are the three types of space differentiation in terms of human behavior?

Absolute Space (clear view), Object Space (presence of objects), Body Centered Space (haptic experiences).

What are the three theories of spatial organization according to Hall?

Infracultural (biological past), Precultural (physiological basis for perception), Microcultural (organization of activities).

What is the Daylight Factor?

The ratio of the interior level of light to the outdoor level of light under an overcast sky.

Why is orientation important in building design?

It affects how sunlight enters the building throughout the day.

What are the sources of artificial light mentioned in the notes?

Fire and electricity.

What factors influence the quality of artificial light?

Intensity, contrast, glare, visual effect, and the use of filters, diffusers, and shades.

What is the role of natural light in building design?

It provides warmth, Vitamin D, and psychological pleasure.

What does 'Atmosphere' refer to in the context of space?

The overall feeling confirming the relationship of the user to the space.

How is 'Quality' measured in terms of space?

It is a measurement of the standard of finish.

What does 'Aesthetic' refer to in the context of space?

Judgment of the visual arrangement of form, color, and materials.

What is the significance of 'Scale' in space?

Scale refers to the size and impact of the space.

What does 'Stature' indicate in the use of space?

It indicates the place in the hierarchical use of space.

What is the effect of physical mass on the perception of space?

The solid mass should not be planned without considering the importance of the space itself.

What is the relationship between material and space according to Malnar and Vodvarka?

The interaction with the material that encloses the space grants it specific character and shape.

What are the six basic functions of lighting?

General or Ambient Lighting, Task Lighting, Decorative or Special Effect Lighting, Directional or Accent Lighting, Informational Lighting, Lighting as Decorative Focus.

How is artificial light measured?

It is measured by its lumen rating (luminous flux), quantified by lumens per square meter.

What types of light sources are commonly used in lighting control?

Incandescent, Fluorescent, High Intensity Discharge, and Light Emitting Diode (LED) in various spotlight configurations.

What factors influence the choice of flooring materials?

Varied materials (hard, soft, smooth, rough, polished, matte, transparent), level of surface for preambulation, stacking, and human circulation.

What is the primary purpose of flooring in a building?

The surface given to the floor depends upon the function, structural depth, and design for fixing secondary structures.

What materials were used in the earliest dwellings?

Caves, mud, leaves, reeds, stone, and wood.

What distinguishes primary structures from secondary structures?

Primary structures are load-bearing and essential for support, while secondary structures are not load-bearing and can be removed or altered easily.

What are structural variations in building design?

Combinations of walls and columns.

What is the role of fenestration in a building?

Fenestration refers to all forms that provide support for human beings, such as windows and doors.

What are the three types of support features in interior spaces?

Freestanding (on ground plane), cantilevered (from a wall), and suspended (from a ceiling).

What is the purpose of display forms in interior design?

To inform, remind, entertain, and secure admiration, revealing or enclosing objects in internal space.

What defines storage forms in interior design?

Containers that separate stored objects from view, accessible by opening a door, shutter, or lid.

What are the three attitudes in Parson's Theory regarding the relationship with objects?

Cognitive Attitude (classifying and describing objects), Cathetic Attitude (spontaneous reactions based on gratification), and Evaluative Attitude (establishing norms without attachment).

How did early humans adorn structures?

Through painting and carving images, colors, and shapes that connected to their environment.

What is gestural decoration?

A type of decoration that involves expressive and dynamic forms.

What are some reasons why humans decorate their environment?

To show respect or awe, for entertainment, to communicate messages, to commemorate events, and related to a building's geometry.

What is the purpose of decoration as a form of entertainment?

Decoration may be used to give pleasure and enhance enjoyment.

How does decoration serve a communicative function?

Decoration can communicate messages and inform people.

What role does decoration play in commemorating events?

Decoration may confirm or celebrate historical events.

What are the two kinds of decoration mentioned?

Applied Decoration and Integral Decoration.

What is Applied Decoration?

Decoration that is applied directly on site or as factory-prepared, including coatings, flexible membranes, and rigid cladding.

What is Integral Decoration?

Decoration that is part of the primary or secondary structure, such as wood grain texture on concrete or patterns from brick and blockwork.

What are ornaments in the context of decoration?

Objects that contribute to the decoration of a space.

What types of environments are mentioned where decoration is important?

Exhibitions, museums, transport stations (airports), events, hospitals, and interactive media.

What is the first property of information?

Communication - the means by which information is conveyed; the medium.

What is the second property of information?

Transmitter - the source of information; the message.

How can decoration be related to a building's geometry?

Decoration can enhance or reflect the structural form and connections of a building.

What is a key characteristic of Integral Decoration?

It includes elements that are cast into liquid or plaster, making the structure itself decorative.

What is the significance of patterns, signs, symbols, or graphic images in decoration?

They convey information or instructions to warn, inform, or advise.

How does decoration contribute to the experience in transport stations?

It enhances the environment and provides information to travelers.

What are the three components of the communication process?

Information Source, Transmitter, Receiver.

What are the properties of information regarding clarity and familiarity?

Information can be clear or unclear, and familiar or unfamiliar, affecting communication effectiveness.

What are the eight minor design concepts?

1. Subject 2. Form 3. Content 4. Visual Elements 5. Public Existence 6. Principles of Organization 7. Theory 8. Elements.

What are the visual elements in design?

Line, Shape, Texture, Image, Area, Materials.

What principles of organization are important in design?

Balance, Arrangement, Sequence, Scale, Proportion.

What are the key elements of spatial design?

Space, Light, Geometry, Human Form, Perception, Expression.

What are the two major characteristics of human progress?

1. The ability to make things for practical use (science, technology, commerce, industry). 2. Thought processes for mental and spiritual wellbeing (arts, community, law, politics).

What should designers understand about the materials they use?

1. Origins and sources 2. Strength, properties, and characteristics 3. Enhancement of healthy living and ecosystem preservation 4. Lifespan and wear factors 5. Planned use of interiors 6. Changes over time.

What does the term 'cell' refer to in design language?

'Cell' describes cellular offices, which are defined by enclosures as opposed to open-plan offices.

What are the roles of a designer?

Researcher, Creator, Project Supervisor, and providing planning and directional guidance.

Who are the main job providers in a design project?

Designers, Builders, Clients, and other consultants.

What are the responsibilities of a builder in a design project?

Fabricate, Install, Fit Out, and ensure safety and efficiency.

What factors influence residency during a project?

Project time, employment contract, and booked time.

What are the expected outcomes of a designer's main task?

To ensure design suitability, good working conditions, and building maintenance.

What is the significance of the honeycomb structure in design?

Honey bees construct hexagonal prisms to store honey and provide nurseries, illustrating efficient use of space.

What is the role of the client in a design project?

Commissioning agent, providing requirements, and overseeing project funding.

What is the importance of circulation in design?

It ensures movement through spaces and affects the usability and functionality of the design.

What does 'supportive responsibility' mean in the context of design?

It refers to being cooperative, attentive, and searching to satisfy budget and project needs.

What are the two-dimensional aspects of design?

Decoration and information.

What is the significance of planning in design?

Planning ensures that the design meets functional requirements and user needs.

What are the implications of building services in design?

They include considerations for lighting, circulation, and overall functionality of the space.

What is the role of a building user?

To occupy, visit, or utilize the building space, impacting design considerations.

What is the concept of 'permanent interest' vs. 'temporary interest' in design?

Permanent interest refers to long-term engagement with a space, while temporary interest indicates short-term use.

What are the characteristics of honeycomb structures?

Honeycombs are natural engineering marvels that use the least amount of wax to provide the greatest storage space and structural stability.