Life Orientation Grade 12 Study Set

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the 2021 DBE Life Orientation Grade 12 Examination Guidelines, including stress management, mission statements, study skills, unemployment, human rights, and labour laws.

Stress

What we feel in situations we find difficult, challenging or frightening when we feel we cannot cope with the situation.

Eustress (Good Stress)

Stress that makes you ready for action by giving you adrenalin and energy; it is short-term, such as speaking in front of the class.

Distress (Bad Stress)

Stress that exceeds what you can cope with, causing illness, unhappiness, depression, headaches, and inability to sleep.

Stressor

Anything, event, or person that triggers stress.

Cortisol

A main stress hormone produced by fear that results in anxiety.

Adrenalin

A main stress hormone that prepares the body to react physically to a threat through a fight or flight response.

Stress Journal

A record of what caused stress, physical and emotional feelings, actions taken, and what helped one feel better to identify patterns.

Personal Mission Statement

A description of your values, dreams, attitudes and goals that focuses on actions, behaviour, and plans to reach a dream.

Values

Personal beliefs that guide the way you live; standards of acceptable and unacceptable behaviour that are meaningful and chosen freely.

Belief System

The way you try to understand the world and your place in it; a set of beliefs about right and wrong, true and false, often based on religion or culture.

Ideologies

Organised sets of beliefs, values and ideas about how you should live and how society should operate, such as democracy or nationalism.

Vision

A dream or mental picture of what the future could be like, which may be ambitious or even impractical.

Mission Statement

A practical focus on the actions, behaviour, and plans needed to achieve a vision.

Assessment

The continuous, planned process of gathering information on achievement to identify how learners cope with new knowledge and skills.

Formative Assessment

Ongoing assessment while you work that helps the teacher and learner track progress.

Summative Assessment

Assessment conducted at the end of a term or chapter to measure performance over time.

SQ3R

A study method standing for Survey, Question, Read, Recall, and Review.

Discuss (Exam Command)

To write about something by comparing views, debating pros and cons, and giving an opinion, always ending with a conclusion.

Evaluate (Exam Command)

To give your own or others' opinions, provide evidence, indicate value or quality, and make judgements based on facts.

Analyse (Exam Command)

To break a topic into separate parts, investigate each part, and explain how the parts are linked or related.

Explain (Exam Command)

To give details and make something clear and understandable, often using examples.

Critically Analyse (Exam Command)

To show approval or disapproval, find mistakes or faults, and identify merits while giving reasons.

Unemployment

When a person is willing and ready to work but cannot get work because there are not enough jobs available.

Entrepreneur

A person who takes an idea or opportunity, accepts financial risks, and turns it into a profitable enterprise.

Income Tax Threshold

The earning level at which you must begin paying income tax, which is above $R63\,556$ per year.

Responsible Citizenship

Fulfilling duties, obeying the law, being aware of human rights, and taking part in campaigns against rights violations.

Bill of Rights

The cornerstone of democracy in South Africa that protects the rights of ALL people in the country, including equality, dignity, and privacy.

Discrimination

Treating others unjustly, unfairly, and unequally because of perceived or actual differences.

Human Rights Violation

Hurting, disrespecting, or acting against someone's rights, such as violating dignity by calling someone names.

Electronic Media

Media requiring electricity or batteries, including the internet, email, social media, radio, TV, and film.

Print Media

Media in physical format such as books, newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, and billboards.

Freedom of Expression

The right to express ideas and opinions freely, though limited by prohibitions on war propaganda, incitement of violence, and hate speech.

Natural Disaster

A sudden event caused by nature, such as an earthquake, flood, or tsunami.

Environmental Hazard

A dangerous situation caused by humans, such as pollution, toxic waste dumps, or deforestation.

Lifestyle Diseases

Diseases caused by unhealthy living, such as diabetes, heart disease, obesity, or HIV/AIDS from unsafe sexual behaviour.

PTSD

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; long-term suffering from bad experiences after events like family violence, crime, or natural disasters.

Power Relations

A situation where one person has control over something or someone else in a relationship.

Sexual Harassment

Uncomfortable sexual behaviour including rude gestures, offensive staring, or demands for sexual favours linked to job performance.

Domestic Violence

A pattern of behaviour used to intimidate and control a partner, including physical, sexual, economic, or emotional abuse.

Statutory Rape

Sexual intercourse with a person under the age of $16$, regardless of whether consent was given.

Labour Relations Act (LRA)

A law covering all interaction between employers and employees to ensure their Constitutional rights are upheld.

Employment Equity Act

A law that promotes equal opportunity and fair treatment by eliminating unfair discrimination and implementing affirmative action.

Affirmative Action

A strategy dealing with equal employment opportunities and representation in all occupation groups and levels to redress past disadvantages.

Conditions of Service

The terms of employment including working hours, leave entitlement, pay, and disciplinary procedures governed by the BCEA.

Work Ethics

A worker's attitude towards their job involving behaviour, respect, honesty, accountability, and willingness to interact with others.

Recruitment Process

The process of getting qualified, skilled people to apply for a vacancy in a fair and confidential manner that promotes diversity.