Intro to Social Psych Ch 1 Exam Unit 1

Social Psychology

The scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.

Social Influence; Social Thinking; Social Relations

Social Psychology is the scientific study of _________, _______, ______.

Social thinking

. How we perceive ourselves

. What we believe

. Our attitudes

Social Influence

. Culture

. Pressures to conform

. Persuasion

. Groups of people

Social Relations

. Prejudice

. Aggression

. Attraction and intimacy

. Helping

Objective Reality

The actual social situation and what actually happening.

Subjective Reality

How we view the social situation through our beliefs and values.

Construal

One’s interpretation of the stimuli encountered in the situation

Biology

Our behavior is shaped by our need to survive and reproduce(instincts).

Ourselves and Others

Social behavior is shaped by………

Sociology

_____ focus on how societal groups function, while social psychology focuses on how people react to societal factors.

Socially Construct

We ______ _______ our world view.

Personality Psychology

_________ focuses on how one Indvidual is different form another will social psychology focuses on how do most induvial respond to social situations.

Hindsight Bias

The tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one’s ability to have foreseen how something turned out. Also known as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon.

Example of Hindsight Bias

Josie is watching the Hawkeye game, when the Hawkeyes lose, she states to her friend that, she “ knew they were going to lose.”

Theory

An integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events.

Hypothesis

A testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events.

Scientific Method

1) identify what you understand.

2) Develop a Theory

3) Develop a specific hypothesis

4) Design study and collect data

5) Analyze and draw conclusions

6) Report the findings

6

How steps are in the scientifc method?

Identify what you understand

Scientific Method

1)

2) Develop a Theory

3) Develop a specific hypothesis

4) Design study and collect data

5) Analyze and draw conclusions

6) Report the findings

Develop a Theory

Scientific Method

1) Identify what you understand

2)

3) Develop a specific hypothesis

4) Design study and collect data

5) Analyze and draw conclusions

6) Report the findings

Develop a specific hypothesis

Scientific Method

1) Identify what you understand

2) Develop a theory

3)

4) Design study and collect data

5) Analyze and draw conclusions

6) Report the findings

Design a study and collect data

Scientific Method

1) Identify what you understand

2) Develop a theory

3) Develop a specific hypothesis

4)

5) Analyze and draw conclusions

6) Report the findings

Analyze and draw conclusions

Scientific Method

1) Identify what you understand

2) Develop a theory

3) Develop a specific hypothesis

4) Design study and collect data

5)

6) Report the findings

Report the findings

Scientific Method

1) Identify what you understand

2) Develop a theory

3) Develop a specific hypothesis

4) Design study and collect data

5) Analyze and draw conclusions

6)

Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic societies

One of the reasons social psychology is criticized because research usually focuses on WEIRD which is?

Theories

Imply testable predictions.

Random Sample

When the group of subjects in your experiment accurately depicts the population. This should fairly depict the overall population, covering various ethnicities, socioeconomic classes, gender, and age.( CHOOSING PARTCIPATES IN THE STUDY/EXPERIMENT)

Sample Size

The number of participants in a study.

Correlational Models

The study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables.

Experimental Models

Cause – effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors (independent variables) while controlling others (holding them constant).

Random Assignment

The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all persons have the same chance of being in a given condition

Correlation does not equal Causation

The correlation between ice cream and drowning is high. This is an example?

Mundane Realism

Degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations.

Experimental Realism

Degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants.

R Score

Score between -1 0 and 1 to show correlation between two variables.

-1.0

One variable goes up other goes down.

0

No correlation.

1

One variable goes up so doe the other.

Framing

The way a question or an issue is posed; it can influence people’s decisions and expressed opinions.

Independent Variable

The experimental factor that a researcher manipulates.

Dependent Variable

The variable being measured, so called because it may relies on manipulations of the independent variable.

Replication

Repeating a research study, often with different participants in different settings, to determine whether a finding could be reproduced.

Meta analysis

A “study of studies” that statistically summarizes many studies on the same topic.

Informed Content

An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.

Debriefing

The post experimental explanation of a study to its participants. Usually discloses any deception and often queries participants regarding their understandings and feelings.

Deception

In research, a strategy by which participants are misinformed or misled about the study’s methods and purposes.

Inferential Statistics

Determines the likelihood that observed data are not due to chance, make conclusions about populations based on samples.

Non-Scholarly Sources

Book chapters, Books, Newspapers, Magazines

Scholarly Sources

Empirical articles, Literature Reviews, Conference Presentations.

Always involves

Experimental Realism _______ the use of deception.