1 - Calculations and Biostats

Normal Distribution / Bell Shaped Distribution

Standard Deviation

Nominal data (discrete)

Meaning

Examples

Ordinal data (discrete)

Meaning

Examples

Interval data (continuous)

Meaning

Examples

Ratio data (continuous)

Meaning

Examples

Test Types

Continuous

2 Independent Groups, 2 Paired Groups

>/= 3 Independent Groups, >/= 3 Paired Groups

Test Types

Nominal

2 Independent Groups, 2 Paired Groups

>/= 3 Independent Groups, >/= 3 Paired Groups

Test Types

Ordinal

2 Independent Groups, 2 Paired Groups

>/= 3 Independent Groups, >/= 3 Paired Groups

Statistically significant confidence intervals for RR, RRR and OR

Liquid Conversions

tsp —> mL

tbsp —> mL

fl oz —> mL

cup —> oz, mL

pint —> oz, mL

quart —> pint, mL

gall —> quart, mL

1 deciliter = 100 mL

Solid (Weight) Conversion

kg —> lb

oz —> gram

lb —> gram, oz

grain —> mg

mEq —> mmol

Height Conversions

in —> cm

m —> cm

Percentage Strength

% w/v

% v/v

% w/w

Ratio strength short cut

Shortcut: 1:1000 is equivalent to 1 mg/mL

Parts Per Million (PPM)

PPM —> Percentage strength

Percentage —> PPM

Specific Gravity

1 cc = 1 mL = 1 g of water

Dilution and Concentration (Change Strength or Quantity)

Alligation

PO intake

Carbs, Protein, Alcohol, Fats

IV TPN intake

Dextrose, Protein, Fat emulsion

Determining Fluid Needs

Basal Energy Expenditure (BEE)

Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)

Grams of Nitrogen from Protein

Corrected Calcium for Albumin

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Which Weight to Use for Drug Dosing (mg/kg)

Dehydration

Calculated Cockcroft-Gault Equation (CrCl)

ABW, IBW, AdjBW

Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)

Seg = neutrophils

Temperature conversions (F ←→ C)

Time to Burn (TTB)

Mean, Median and Mode

Risk

Relative Risk

Relative Risk Reduction

Absolute Risk Reduction

Number Needed to Treat or Harm (NNT, NNH)

Odds Ratio

Friedewald Equation

LDL =

Minimum Weighable Quantity (MWQ)

Body Surface Area

Half life (t1/2)

Vd

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Phenytoin Correction for Albumin

KCl: Oral Solution to Tablets

Calcium Salts

Aminophylline ←→ Theophylline

Statin equivalency

Pete and Rose Attarct Similar Love Potions Frequently

Metoprolol

IV:PO

Loop diuretics

Dose equivalent: Ethacrynic acid, Furosemide, Torsemide, Bumetanide

IV to PO: Furosemide, other loops

Insulin conversion

100 units/mL

Levothyroxine

IV:PO

Steroids equivalency

Cute Hot Pretty Pharmacist Make Triple Digits Boom

Quantity for

mL lithium citrate syrup = mg lithium carbonate = mEq Li ion

Opioid Dose Equivalent Table (PO and IV/IM)

Morphine

Oxymorphone

Hydromorphone

Oxycodone

Hydrocodone

Codeine

Meperidine

Fentanyl

Morphine: MS Cotin, MSIR, Oramorph SR, Kadian, Roxanol

Oxymorphone (Ox-Op): Opana

Hydromorphone: Dilaudid, Exalgo

Oxy-codone: Oxycontin, OxyIR, OxyFAST, Roxicodone, Percolone

Hydrocodone: Vicodin, Norcon, Lorcet, Lortab

Codeine

Meperidine: Demerol

Fentanyl (AASS-FLO): Actiq, Abstral, Sublimaze, Subsys, Fentora, Lazanda, Onsolis

Minimum (base) daily requirements

Daily caloric, fluid and protein requirement

Millimole, Milliequivalent, and Milliosmole

mEq = mg * (Val) / MW

Type 1 and 2 errors

Type 1: false pos → thought it was

Type 2: false neg → missed it

Alpha, p value, Beta, Power

Alpha: probability of false pos or type 1 error (rejecting null hypothesis when it's actually true)

P value < alpha (chance of false rejection of null hypothesis)

Beta: probability of false neg or type 2 error (failing to reject a false null hypothesis)

Power (1 - beta): probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis

Types of studies

Cohort

Case-control

Cross-sectional

Cross-over

Meta-analysis

95% confidence interval meaning

Interpretation of power

OR

Increase risk

Statistically significance

Percentage calculation