L40: HIV and AIDS

acute-HIV is the time between _________ and detection of _________ (~2-4 weeks)

infection, antibodies

HIV___ is the most common form of HIV in the world and is much more aggressive

1

HIV1 is much more common and is a much _______ aggressive form

more

in HIV2 (very uncommon type of HIV) the viral load is often ______

0

HIV ____________ tests are highly sensitive

screening (if HIV is present, the test will be reactive)

HIV screening tests are highly ________

sensitive (if HIV is present, the test will be reactive)

if at least one HIV screening test is reactive, then a ___________ test is performed

confirmatory

HIV confirmation tests are highly __________

specific (99.6%) (if reactive, HIV is present)

HIV __________ test are highly specific (99.6%)

confirmation (if reactive, HIV is present)

HIV antibody tests detect HIV _________ days after exposure

23-90

the ________ __________ form of HIV test is the confirmatory test

nucleic acid (measures HIV RNA= viral load)

the nucleic acid test is the _________ HIV test

confirmatory (measures HIV RNA= viral load)

which type of confirmatory test measures HIV RNA= viral load

nucleic acid

the nucleic acid HIV confirmatory test measures HIV ______ (also known as the viral load)

RNA

the nucleic acid HIV confirmatory test measures HIV RNA (also known as the ______ ______)

viral load

the viral load is the number of _______ copies per mL of blood

RNA

the viral load is the number of RNA copies per _____ of blood

mL

the viral load is the number of RNA copies per mL of _______

blood

people with higher numbers of _____ T-cells are less likely to develop infections

CD4+

people with ________ numbers of CD4+ T-cells are less likely to develop infections

higher

people with higher numbers of CD4+ T-cells are ______ likely to develop infections

less

people with lower numbers of _____ T-cells are more likely to develop infection

CD4+

people with _______ numbers of CD4+ T-cells are more likely to develop infection

lower

people with lower numbers of CD4+ T-cells are ______ likely to develop infection

more

once step 4 (viral DNA transported across nucleus and integrated into host DNA) of the HIV cycle is complete, infection is _________

permanent (usually ~72 hours)

once step 4 (viral DNA transported across nucleus and integrated into host DNA) of the HIV cycle is complete, infection is permanent (usually ~____hrs)

72

what is one of the biggest challenges of early therapy

resistance

PEP stands for what

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

PrEP stands for what

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis

PEP must be given within ___________ of exposure to be effective

72 hours (Remember this is about when step 4 of the HIV life cycle occurs where viral DNA transported across nucleus and integrated into host DNA)

can PEP be used as a substitute for regular use instead of other HIV prevention methods such as PrEP

NO!

PrEP reduces the risk of HIV infection by ____-____%

90-100

HIV destroys healthy ________ cells, as it uses them to replicate

CD4+ T-cells

a CD4+ T-cell count of _______ (or an AIDS defining illness) if needed for diagnosis of AIDS

<200

a CD4+ T-cell count of <200 is the diagnosis for _______

AIDS

the goal of appropriate HIV care is to maintain a _______ viral load

Undetectable (U=U —> Undetectable=Untransmissible)