Chapter 35: Cardiac Poisons

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Oleanders

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9 Terms

1

Oleanders

These are widely cultivated in gardens in India for their ornamental flowers and acts as digitalis.

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2

Digitalis

It can produce malignant dysrhythmias and cardiac failure, cardiac arrest and convulsions with lethal dose.

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3

Nerium odourum

  • A plant with white/pink fragrant flowers, which are 2-5 cm in width and have five petals, or in double blooms with many petals.

  • The leaves are narrow, lanceolate, leathery, dark green on the upper surface, lighter beneath, and 10-25 cm long.

  • Fruits turn brown, dries, and split, releasing small seeds tipped with brown hairs.

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4

Cerbera thevetia

  • A plant with yellow, bell-shaped flowers which are 5-7 cm long and 5 cm wide, the five lobes are spirally twisted and spreading.

  • Leaves are lanceolate.

  • The fruit is globular, light green, about 4 to 5 cm in diameter and contains a single nut, which is triangular with deep groove along the edge.

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5

Cerbera odollum

  • A small plant or a shrub.

  • Leaves are dark green, fleshy and lanceolate, 20– 30 cm long and 4–6 cm broad.

  • The flowers are white, like those of jasmines.

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6

digitoxin poisoning

Oleander poisoning in general closely resembles ______ with predominantly gastrointestinal and cardiac symptoms.

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7

Aconite

  • It is a large herb with palmate leaves and white or blue showy flowers.

    • The whole plant is poisonous.

    • Roots are highly toxic and are used commonly. They have a conical, tapering shape with a wrinkled appearance (5-10 cm long) and a bittersweet taste. Apparently, it resembles the edible horse radish.

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8

Diterpene alkaloids

These are known neurotoxins that can cause conduction block and paralysis through their action on voltage-sensitive sodium channels in the axons.

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9

Nicotine

  • It grows in all tropical regions of the world.

  • It contains an alkaloid which is a colorless liquid that turns amber on exposure to light.

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