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Articles of Confederation
The first constitution of the U.S. (1781-1789) that created a weak central government with limited powers.
Major Weakness of Articles of Confederation
The federal government lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or enforce laws.
Who was Daniel Shays?
A former Revolutionary War soldier who led Shays' Rebellion to protest economic injustices and high taxes.
Shays' Rebellion (1786-1787)
A revolt in Massachusetts showing the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, leading to calls for a stronger government.
Federalists
Supported a strong central government; key leader: Alexander Hamilton.
Anti-Federalists
Favored states' rights and feared centralized power; key leader: Thomas Jefferson.
Constitutional Author Approaches
Some, like James Madison, wanted a strong federal government, while others, like Patrick Henry, wanted more state control.
Purpose of Constitutional Amendments
To allow changes and additions to the U.S. Constitution over time.
The Bill of Rights
The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution that protect individual liberties.
Separation of Powers
Divides government into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, to prevent tyranny.
Why is Separation of Powers important?
It ensures that no single branch of government becomes too powerful.
Checks and Balances
A system where each branch of government can limit the powers of the others.
Example of Checks and Balances
The president can veto a law, but Congress can override it with a two-thirds vote.
