BIO1011 Week 11 Coding Life: Genomics and Population Genetics

Flashcards for BIO1011 Week 11 Coding Life: Genomics and Population Genetics

Genomics

The study of genomes, including their structure, function, evolution, and mapping.

Microevolution

Changes in allele frequencies in a population over time.

Darwinian fitness

A measure of an individual's reproductive success.

Natural selection

The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully.

Allele frequency

The frequency of a particular allele in a population.

Genetic drift

Random changes in allele frequencies due to chance events.

Balancing selection

A type of natural selection that maintains genetic diversity by selecting for multiple alleles.

Genetic variant

A site in the genome that varies among individuals.

Pathogenic variant

A variant associated with disease.

Repeat sequences

Regions of DNA with repeated sequences.

Bottleneck effect

A decrease in genetic diversity due to a sharp reduction in population size.

Genome sequencing

The process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome.

Polymorphism

A common type of genetic variant, a single nucleotide difference at a specific position in the genome.

Directional selection

Selection that favors one extreme phenotype, causing the allele frequency to shift over time in the direction of that phenotype

Genome-wide association study (GWAS)

A study that scans the entire genome for genetic variants associated with a particular trait.

Random mating

Mating that occurs without regard to genotype.

Disruptive selection

Selection that favors both extremes of a phenotype, leading to increased diversity.

Gene duplication

Duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene.

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

A principle stating that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences.

Stabilising selection

Selection that favors intermediate phenotypes, reducing variation.

Gene flow

The transfer of genetic material from one population to another.

Heterozygote advantage

The increased fitness of heterozygotes compared to homozygotes.

Gene pool

The complete set of genes and their alleles within a population.

Genotype frequency

The proportion of different genotypes in a population.

Next generation sequencing

A sequencing technology that allows for massively parallel sequencing of DNA.

Founder effect

The reduced genetic diversity that results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors.