DPT 745 Week 5 Lecture Notes Pt. 1

mandible, neck, manubrum, platysma

Anterior Triangle Borders

– Inferior border of _____, midline of _____, jugular notch of _____, anterior border of SCM, _____ (roof) pre-tracheal fascia (floor)

clavicle, trapezius, platysma

Posterior Triangle Borders

(a.k.a. lateral cervical region)

– Posterior border of SCM, middle 1/3 of _____, anterior border of _____, _____ (roof), deeper musculature (floor)

External jugular vein

Anterior jugular vein

Internal jugular vein

Subclavian vein

Brachiocephalic vein

Common carotid artery

Subclavian artery

Axillary artery

Brachiocephalic trunk

Thyrocervical trunk

Spinal

Cervical

Brachial

Nerves of the Posterior Triangle

• ____ Accessory Nerve

• _____ Plexus

• _____ Plexus

Hypoglossal nerve

Ansa cervicalis

1

2, 3

_____ _____

Superior root C___

Inferior root C___-___

Capitis

Omo

Muscles of the Posterior Triangle

• Splenius _____

• Levator scapulae

• Posterior, Middle, & Anterior scalenes

• ___hyoid

Longus capitis

Rectus capitis lateralis

Facial artery

Maxillary artery

Carotid sinus

Baroceptor in Blood pressure

Carotid body

Chemoreceptor for O2 levels in blood

Facial vein

Internal jugular vein

Cervical

Sympathetic

Nerves of the Anterior Triangle

• _____ Plexus

• Vagus

– Recurrent laryngeal nerves

• _____ Chain

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Right vagus nerve

Right cervical ganglion

Trachea-esophageal groove

Location of left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Digastric

Muscles of the Anterior Triangle

• Mylohyoid

• Geniohyoid

• Stylohyoid

• _____

• Sternohyoid

• Omohyoid

• Sternothyroid

• Thyrohyoid

Thyroid

Para

Larynx

Esophagus

Other Important Structures of the Anterior Triangle

• _____ gland

• _____thyroid gland

• _____

• Trachea

• Pharynx

• _____

Larynx

_____ (voice box)

• Part of the respiratory system specially designed for vocalizing. It is a series of cartilages and attached muscles, ligaments, and fibroelastic membranes. It opens into the oropharynx and sits anterior to the laryngopharynx

• Cartilages of larynx

– Thyroid

– Cricoid

– Arytenoid

– Epiglottic

– Tracheal

Oropharynx

Nasopharynx

Laryngopharynx

Thyroid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

Arytenoid cartilage

Epiglottic cartilage

Tracheal cartilage

Superior, thyroid

Inferior, thyroid

Vascularization of the Larynx

• _____ laryngeal artery branch of the superior _____ a.

• _____ laryngeal a. branch of the inferior _____ a.

• Laryngeal veins accompany the arteries

Superior laryngeal artery

Superior thyroid artery

Inferior laryngeal artery

Inferior thyroid artery

superior

recurrent

Innervation of the Larynx

• Sensory

– _____ laryngeal - superior to the vocal folds

– _____ laryngeal - inferior to the vocal folds

• Motor

– superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal

Superior laryngeal nerve

Inferior laryngeal nerve

Pharynx

Air

Food

_____

• Muscular tube that extends from the base of the skull to the esophagus

• It has posterior and lateral walls

• It is open anteriorly to the nasal cavity, oral cavity and larynx

• It serves two roles:

– _____ passage - is always open except during swallowing

– _____ passage - to swallow food, one must hold their breath

• Location - in midline anterior to the vertebralcolumn

• The pharynx is divided up into three sections;

– Nasopharynx

– Oropharynx

– Laryngopharynx

constrictors

elevate

Muscles of the Pharynx

• Superior, middle, and inferior ______

– These muscles act to constrict the pharynx and propel food to the esophagus

• Pharyngeus muscles

– Longitudinal muscles of the pharynx; Function to _____ the pharynx and larynx during swallowing

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Pharyngotympanic tube

Pharyngeal

Motor, Vagus

Sensory, Glossopharyngeal

Innervation of the Pharynx

• _____ plexus

– _____ innervation is by the _____ nerve (CN X)

– ______ innervation by the _____ nerve (CN IX)

Deglutition

longitudinal

______

• A bolus of food is masticated in the oral cavity and passed into the oral pharynx by the tongue

• The nasopharynx is protected by muscular contraction of the soft palate to prevent entry into the nasal cavity.

• Contraction of the _____ muscles of the pharynx raises the pharynx to receive the bolus

• Constrictors propel the bolus into the esophagus

• Inlet constrictors to the larynx prevent passage of the bolus into the trachea (aspiration)