EKGs rhythms

name the 4 sinus rhythms

1. normal sinus rhythm

2. normal sinus bradycardia

3. normal sinus tachycardia

4. sinus arrhythmia

normal sinus rhythm

rate of 60-100 bpm

normal sinus bradycardia

rate < 60 bpm

normal sinus tachycardia

rate > 100 bpm

sinus arrhythmia

rate 60-100 bpm

irregular rhythm

name the 6 atrial arrhythmias

1. premature atrial contraction

2. atrial tachycardia

3. multifocal atrial tachycardia

4. paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

5. atrial flutter

6. atrial fibrillation

premature atrial contraction

normal QRS complex

P-wave comes early (may hide within T wave)

can come in singular form or pattern

atrial tachycardia

similar to sinus tachycardia but at a higher rate

rate of 150-250 bpm

multifocal atrial tachycardia

every p wave looks different and originates from a different location 

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

normal sinus rhythm

followed by sudden onset of atrial tachycardia

atrial flutter

atrial rate of 250-350 bpm

no isoelectric line : f waves

uniform saw-tooth pattern

regular rhythm

express ratio of F waves to QRS

atrial fibrillation 

atrial rate of 350-450 bpm

irregular quiver of isoelectric line 

irregular rhythm - QRS occurs at irregular intervals 

name the 4 junctional arrhythmias

1. premature junctional contraction

2. junctional escape rhythm

3. accelerated junctional rhythm

   1. junctional tachycardia

similarities across junctional arrhythmias

p wave is absent or inverted

• can occur before during or after QRS

each on is associated with an increasing rhythm rate

premature junctional contraction

seemingly normal rhythm with a spontaneous irregular P-wave

junctional escape rhythm

rate < 60 bpm

accelerated junctional rhythm

rate 60-100 bpm

junctional tachycardia

rate 100-200 bpm

name the three ventricular arrhythmias

1. premature ventricular contraction

2. ventricular tachycardia

3. ventricular fibrillation

premature ventricular contraction (include naming)

spontaneous abnormal and wide QRS

• consecutive abnormalities

  • pair = two in a row

  • triplet = three in a row

• geminal patterns of PVC that repeat

  • every 2nd = bigeminy

  • every 3rd = trigeminy

  • every 4th = quadrigeminy

• origin

  • unifocal = all appear the same

  • multifocal = all look different

ventricular tachycardia

many consecutive PVCs

rate 100-200

consistent waves

ventricular fibrillation

rate 350-450

erratic disorganized waves

name the 4 types of heart blocks

1. first degree

2. second degree type 1

3. second degree type 2

4. third degree

first degree heart block

PR interval is longer than normal (>0.20 sec)

greater than 1 large boxs

second degree heart block type 1

PR interval gets progressively longer until QRS is dropped

second degree heart block type 2

series of P waves with missing QRS 

results in a ratio of P:QRS

third degree heart block

atrial and ventricular rates are out of sync