AP Human Geo Unit 2 - Population

Subsistence agriculture

________- higher agricultural density means most farming is only providing crops and livestock for the farmers.

Urbanization

________ /suburbanization /counterurbanization- the process by which people live and are employed in a city.

Hidden Momentum

________- built in population growth due to a population's age structure.

Land degradation

________- long- term damage to the soils ability to support life.

Circulation

________- temporary repetitive movements that occur regularly.

Fertility

________- how many kids a woman has.

Mobility

________- all types of movement from one location to another.

Mortality

________- deaths as a component of population change.

Emigration

________- movement away from a location.

Repatriate

________- to return to a persons home country.

Diaspora

________- the dispersion of people from their homeland.

Kinship

________ links- networks of relatives and friends.

Demographics

________- data about the structures and characteristics of human populations.

Transhumance

________- nomads move herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer and lower elevations during the winter.

Thomas Malthus

________- came up with the theory that Europes increasing population would lead to famine and an inability to support said population by the late 1800s.

Quotas

________- limits one the number of immigrants allowed into a country each year.

Landforms

________- natural features of earths surface.

Life expectancy

________- average number of years a person is expected to live.

J

________- curve- a trendline that shows an initial loss immediately followed by a dramatic gain (shaped like a(n) ________)

Climate

________- long- term patterns of weather in an area.

Refugees

________- people forced to leave their country for fear of persuction or death.

obstacles

Intervening ________- an occurance that holds immigrants back.

Brain drain

________- trained /educated people leave their home countries to find work.

Overpopulation

________- an unsustainable population.

RNI

Rate of natural increase (________)- difference between CBR and CDR divided by 1, 000.

Human

________ trafficking- the recruitement, transportation, harboring, or receipt of persons by improper means.

Epidemiological transition model

________ (ETM)- changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution largely as the result of changes in causes of death.

Neo

________- Malthusian- people who believe earths resources can only support a finite population.

Guest workers

________- migrants who travel to a country as temporary laborers.

Immigration

________- movement to a location.

Asylum

________- the right to protection in a new country.

Remittances

________- money earned by immigrants sent back to their home country.

Gravity Model

________ (as it relates to migration)- people are more drawn to places that are closer to them and have a larger population.

Cornucopians

________- people who believe that the environmental problems faced by society either do not exist or can be solved by technology or the free market.

Temperate

________ climates- moderate temperatures and adequate precipitation.

Pronatalist

________- policies designed to encourage births and accelerate population growth.

Antinatalist

________- policies designed to curb population growth.

capacity

Carrying ________- maximum population size an environment can sustain.

Skills gap

________- a shortage of people trained in a particular industry.

Relocation diffusion

________- when people move or relocate, they spread their ideas and culture.

Circular migration

________- when migrant workers move back and forth between countries.

Population distribution

________- where people live within a given area.

Demographic transition model

________ (DTM)- the shifts in growth of the worlds populations over time.

Interregional migration

________- movement from one region of a country to another.

Intraregional migration

________- movement within one region of the country.

Total fertility rate

________ (TFR)- average number of kids a woman will have in her lifetime.

Population density

________- amount of people in an area.

Population agglomerations

________- The clustering of similar or related firms in close proximity to one another.

Net Migration

________- difference between emigrantion and immigration.

Dependency

________ ratio- the number of people in a dependent age group divided by the number of people in the working age group multiplied by 100.

Unit 2

POPULATION AND MIGRATION

KNOW

Define the terms below and use a real-world example to help your understanding of the concept

Dispersed

a population that's spread out

Population distribution

where people live within a given area

Climate

long-term patterns of weather in an area

Temperate climates

moderate temperatures and adequate precipitation

Landforms

natural features of earths surface

Ecumenes

inhabited/occupied land

Population density

amount of people in an area

Arithmetic density

total number of objects per unit of land

Physiological density

total number of people per unit of arable land

Arable land

land that can be used to grow crops

Agricultural density

total number of farmers per unit of arable land

Subsistence agriculture

higher agricultural density means most farming is only providing crops and livestock for the farmers

Population agglomerations

the clustering of similar or related firms in close proximity to one another

Carrying capacity

maximum population size an environment can sustain

Dependency ratio

the number of people in a dependent age group divided by the number of people in the working age group multiplied by 100

Sex ratio

proportion of males to females

Demographics

data about the structures and characteristics of human populations

Fertility

how many kids a woman has

Crude birth rate (CBR)

number of births in a year per 1,000 people

Total fertility rate (TFR)

average number of kids a woman will have in her lifetime

Mortality

deaths as a component of population change

Crude death rate (CDR)

number of deaths per year per 1,000 people

Infant mortality rate (IMR)

number of deaths of kids under 1 per 1,000 births

Maternal mortality rate

the number of maternal deaths during a given time period per 100,000 live births

J-curve

a trendline that shows an initial loss immediately followed by a dramatic gain (shaped like a j)

S-curve

traces the cyclical movement upwards and downwards in a graph (shaped like an s)

Life expectancy

average number of years a person is expected to live

Population Pyramids

shows the age-sex distribution of a population

Zero population growth

the population is not increasing

Replacement fertility

the total fertility rate-the average number of children born per woman-at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next, without migration

Hidden Momentum

built in population growth due to a population's age structure

Rate of natural increase (RNI)

difference between CBR and CDR divided by 1,000

Doubling time

number of years in which a growing population will double itself

Urbanization / suburbanization / counterurbanization

the process by which people live and are employed in a city

Overpopulation

an unsustainable population

Thomas Malthus

came up with the theory that Europes increasing population would lead to famine and an inability to support said population by the late 1800s

Neo-Malthusian

people who believe earths resources can only support a finite population

Cornucopians

people who believe that the environmental problems faced by society either do not exist or can be solved by technology or the free market

Demographic transition model (DTM)

the shifts in growth of the worlds populations over time

Demographic equation

births minus deaths plus (or minus) net migration

Epidemiological transition model (ETM)

changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution largely as the result of changes in causes of death

Antinatalist

policies designed to curb population growth

Pronatalist

policies designed to encourage births and accelerate population growth

Land degradation

long-term damage to the soils ability to support life

Mobility

all types of movement from one location to another

Circulation

temporary repetitive movements that occur regularly

Emigration

movement away from a location

Immigration

movement to a location