Chapter 11 Testing Differences.ppt

What is an Intelligence Quotient (IQ)?

A score derived from standardized tests designed to assess intelligence within a certain age group.

What does a normal IQ score represent?

An average score of 100.

Who was Francis Galton?

A pioneer in the study of human intelligence, interested in whether human ability was hereditary.

What is meant by standardized tests?

Tests that have been tested on a similar population and established achievement norms.

What is split-half reliability?

A method where a test is divided into two parts, and the scores from both parts are compared for consistency.

What does test-retest reliability measure?

The correlation between a person’s score on one administration of the test and their score on another administration.

What is face validity?

A superficial type of validity based on how well a test appears to measure what it claims.

What is content validity?

How well a measure reflects the entire range of material it is supposed to be testing.

What are the two types of criterion-related validity?

Concurrent validity and predictive validity.

What does construct validity assess?

The degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure.

What is the difference between aptitude and achievement tests?

Aptitude tests predict future performance, while achievement tests assess current performance.

What is a speed test?

A test that consists of many questions to be completed in a short amount of time.

What is the definition of fluid intelligence?

The ability to solve abstract problems and pick up new information or skills.

What did Charles Spearman discover through factor analysis?

That many different skills are actually one General Intelligence, or G Factor.

Who were Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon?

Pioneers of the concept of mental age to predict future performance.

How is the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) calculated according to Lewis Terman?

By dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.

Who developed the Wechsler IQ test?

David Wechsler, which measures verbal comprehension and performance skills.

What is cultural bias in intelligence tests?

When the wording used in questions may be more familiar to one social group than another.

What is the nature-nurture debate regarding intelligence?

The discussion on whether intelligence is determined by genetic inheritance (nature) or environmental factors (nurture).

What is the Flynn effect?

The observation that performance on intelligence tests has been increasing throughout the century.

What conclusion do psychologists generally agree on regarding IQ differences between races?

They argue that differences are a function of socioeconomic status rather than genetic determinants.

Which country has the highest average IQ according to the provided data?

Hong Kong and Singapore, both with an average IQ of 108.