AP Computer Science Principles Unit 2

IP

Internet Protocol for how data and information is sent between devices

The Internet

A global network system composed of computers and devices that are all connected to each other

End-to-End Architecture

A design principle in setting up a network. The principle states that, whenever possible, communications protocol operations should be defined to occur at the end-points of a communications system, or as close as possible to the resource being controlled.

Devices

A machine that has a specific purpose or function, capable of communicating with other devices

Network

A group of computer systems that are all linked through communication systems

DNS

Domain Name System. Retrieves IP addresses per request. Converts alphabetical names into IP addresses

Browser

A software program that people use to access the Internet

Web server

A computer that awaits and responds to requests for data

IPv4 vs. IPv6

IPv4 can contain 2^32 IP addresses while IPv6 can contain 2^128. Switch to IPv6 is necessary because of the growing demand of IP addresses

HTTP/HTTPS

The protocol used by the World Wide Web. It describes how messages are formatted and interchanged, and how web serves respond to commands. The language computers use to communicate. HTTPS is a communications protocol for secure communication over a computer network which is widely used on the Internet. (S stands for secure)

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Protocol for online mail transmission

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force. Develops and promotes voluntary internet standards and protocols, in particular, the standards that comprise the internet protocol suite

Allows for scalability

Hierarchy

Redundancy

Fault tolerance. The mechanism of extra components that are not necessary to functioning, in case of failure of components

Routing

The process of moving data from the sender to the receiver

Scalability

The capability of a system, network, or process to handle a growing amount of work

Protocol

The set of rules governing the exchange of data between devices.

Interface

Allows the user to communicate and use the computer or program

Packet switching

Breaking large pieces of information down into packets.

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol- provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the Internet. Tightly linked with IP.

SSL/TLS

Secure Sockets Layer, the standard technology for keeping an internet connection secure and safeguarding any sensitive data that is being sent between two systems. TLS (Transport Layer Security) is just an updated, more secure, version of SSL. Makes sure device is secured, padlock icon

Bandwidth

Transmission capacity measured by bit rate. High bandwidth= good

Latency

The time it takes for data to travel from the sender to the receiver. Low latency= good

Streaming

a method of transmitting or receiving data over a computer network as a steady, continuous flow, allowing playback to proceed while subsequent data is being received.

URL

Uniform resource locator. An easy to remember address for calling a web page. Allows humans to remember names instead of numbers

Hierarchy

HTTP & DNS --> TCP --> IP --> Physical internet

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