Gram Negative (-) Bacteria

Proteus mirabilis

• Found: Normal flora, survives in nutrient deficient environments.

• Is Peritrichous

• Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUT)

• Enterobacteriaceae

• Rod shaped

Salmonella typhi

• Fecal-oral transmission

• Peritrichous

• Causes typhoid fever

  • fever, abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, and rose spots.

• Enterobacteriaceae

• Rod shaped

Shingella dysenteriae

• Fecal-oral transmission

• non-motile

• Bloody diarrhea with mucus and pus.

  • Produces shiga enterotoxins; inactive ribosomes lead to killing of intestinal cells.

• Enterobacteriaceae

• Rod shaped

Klebsiella pneumoniae

• Found: Normal flora, soil, and water. Pathogenetic if aspirated.

• Fecal-oral transmission

• Prodiced pneumonia with bloody sputum.

  • nosocomial UTIs; CAUTIs

• Enterobacteriaceae

• Rod shaped

Escherichia coli

• Fecal-oral transmission

• Peritrichious

• Causes Diarrhea; CAUTIs

  • Produce verotoxins (enterotoxins) also inhibit ribosomes and kills intestinal cells.

• Enterobacteriaceae

• Rod shaped

Vibrio cholerae

• Fecal-oral transmission

• Short comme shaped, monotrichous.

• Causes cholera

  • Deadly diarrhea (rice water) and vomiting

  • 3-5 gallons of water lost a day

  • enterotoxin: choleragen

• Non-Enterobacteriaceae

• Rod shaped

Compylobacter jejuni

• Zoonotic: wild and domestic animals; poultry

  • Fecal-oral transmission

• Curved, monotrichious

• Secretory or bloody diarrhea

  • Enterotoxin: similar to choleragen

• Most common fecal-oral bacteria in the world.

  • kills the most world wide

• Non-Enterobacteriaceae

• Rod shaped

Hemophilus influenza

• Transmission: aerosol droplets

• Non-motile

• Meningitis

  • Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

• Can cause pneumonia

• Related to the respiratory system

• Rod shaped

Bordetella pertussis

• Transmission: Aerosol droplets

  • highly contagious

• Non-motile

• Causes whooping cough (Pertussis)

  • Pertussis toxin produced

• Related to the respiratory system

• Rod shaped

Legionella pneumophilia

• Does not travel human to human

• Ingestion - found in streams, warm water pipes, and cooling towers.

• Monotrichious

• Legionarries disease:

  • Penumonia, fever, cough

  • Very deadly

  • Pontiac fever

    • flue-like: headache, fever

    • Will not kill you

• Related to the respiratory system

• Rod shaped

Pseudomnas aeruginsoa

• Opportunistic pathogens; found in soil, water, nonsocomial

• Lophotrichious

• Wound infections and CAUTIs

• Rod shaped

Yersinia pestis

• Transmission: flea bits

• Zoonotic in rodents (not through the fleas)

• Coccobacillus, non-motile

• Bubonic plague: flue like, death < 2 weeks

• Rod shaped

Treponema pallidum

• Tramsnission: STD

• Thick rigid spirals

• Causes Syphillis

  • primary to tertiary stage: skin ulcer to gummas

• Spirochetes

Borrelia burgdorferi

• Transmission: tick bites

  • Zoonotic in some mice and deer

• Loosely coiled

• Causes Lime disease

  • Fever/headahe, joint pain, leads to mental problems.

• Spirochetes

Chlamydia trachomatis

• Transmission: STD

• Coccobaccillus, non-motile

  • no peptodoglycan

  • Form an elementary body: infective

• Trachoma and urethritus

Neissera meningitidis

• Transmission: Saliva

  • coughing, sneezing, kissing, and chewing toys

• Meningitis

  • Fever, stiff neck, commiting, lethargy; septicemia: fever hypotension.

  • Endotoxin: Lipopolysacchardie

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

• Transmisson: STD

• Diplococcus, non-motile

• Endotoxin: Gonorrhea

  • Causes inflammation

  • Can spread to newborns (congenital)

    • May cause blindness in the new born