Emotions

Emotions

Display of feelings and relatively brief response to events having motivational relevance.

Frustration

A slippery concept, debated whether it is an emotion or not.

Tiredness

A slippery concept, debated whether it is an emotion or not.

Optimism

A slippery concept, debated whether it is an emotion or not.

Six Basic Emotions

Disgust, Fear, Joy, Surprise, Sadness, and Anger.

Darwin

Proposed that human expressions of emotions evolved and are universally expressed and recognized.

Basic Emotions

Evolved, universally expressed and understood emotions such as sadness, joy, surprise, fear, anger, and disgust.

Self-conscious emotions

Emotions such as shame and pride.

Moral emotions

Emotions such as contempt and empathy.

Zelenski & Larson (2000)

Conducted a study to determine which emotions are more common among university students.

Amygdala

Located in the temporal lobe, plays an important role in the expression of conditional emotional responses.

Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)

Located at the top of the frontal lobes, receives information from sensory systems and regions of frontal lobes that control behavior.

Damage to Amygdala

Associated with a lack of fear responses when confronted with fear-evoking stimuli.

Damage to Orbitofrontal Cortex

Impairs inhibitions and self-concern, affects the recognition of facial and vocal emotional expressions.

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

The idea that our facial expressions can influence our feelings.

Strack et al

Conducted a study where participants held a pen in their mouth in different positions and rated cartoons.

Strack et al

Found that holding a pen with teeth (forming a smile) led to cartoons being rated as funnier compared to holding it between lips.

Effects of Botox

Paralyzing the frown muscle affects the expression of anger and slows down the reading of sentences related to evoked emotions.

James-Lange Theory

The theory that physiological responses precede and cause emotional experiences.

Cannon-Bard Theory

The theory that emotional and physiological responses occur simultaneously and independently in response to a stimulus.

Schachter & Singer

Two-Factor Theory of Emotion - Emotions are determined jointly by (1) perception of physiology and (2) cognitive assessment of the situation.

Perception of Physiology - The awareness and interpretation of bodily sensations and changes in arousal.

Cognitive Assessment - The evaluation and interpretation of the situation or context.

Experiment - A scientific procedure conducted to test a hypothesis or gather data.

Adrenaline Shot - An injection of adrenaline, causing increased arousal and physiological changes.

Arousal - Increased physiological and psychological activation or energy.

Heart Rate - The number of times the heart beats per minute.

Interpretation - The process of assigning meaning or significance to something.

Three Groups - Divisions of participants in an experiment with different instructions or expectations.

Confederates - Individuals who are part of the experiment but pretend to be regular participants.

Symptoms - Physical or psychological indications of a condition or state.

Misattributed Arousal - Incorrectly assigning the cause of physiological arousal to a specific emotion or stimulus.

Emotion - A complex psychological state involving subjective feelings, physiological changes, and behavioral responses.

Room - The physical space where the experiment takes place.

Angry - Feeling or expressing strong displeasure or hostility.

Ripping up - Tearing apart or destroying something forcefully.

Questionnaire - A set of questions used to gather information or opinions.

Results - The outcomes or findings of an experiment or study.

Misattributed Arousal Paradigm - The concept that arousal can be mistakenly attributed to a different source, leading to inaccurate emotional experiences.

Dutton & Aron - Researchers who conducted a study related to the misattribution of arousal paradigm.

Wobbly Bridge - A bridge that is unstable or shaky.