Chemistry Exam Review

Flashcards covering key chemistry concepts and terms for exam preparation.

pH of a salt solution from a weak acid and strong base

8.7

pH of a salt solution from a strong acid and weak base

2.0

Self-ionization of water at 25°C

Water ionizes to form H+ and OH- ions.

pOH of a solution

If pOH is 6.0, then the pH is 8.0.

Bronsted-Lowry acid reaction example

NH3 + H+ ⇌ NH4+

Lewis acid reaction

Involves electron pairs.

Common use of bases

To reduce indigestion.

Result of adding Ca(OH)2 to water

The solution turns phenolphthalein pink.

Molar solubility of CaF2 in water

4.15 x 10-6 M.

Change in Ksp of solid strontium chromate

Ksp can be found from the concentration of its ions.

Example of ionization

HSO3– + H+ ⇌ H2O + CO2.

Ionization of a strong electrolyte

K3PO4(s) → 3K+(aq) + PO43–(aq).

Molar mass of NaOH

40.00 g/mol.

Molarity calculation for NaOH solution

0.260 M.

Dilution of NH4NO3 stock solution

Measure 114 mL of the 1.75 M solution, and dilute it to 2.00 L.

Steps in dissolving process for water in n-butanol

n-Butanol molecules surround water molecules.

Type of mixture with no light scattering

Solution.

Function of a centrifuge

To separate undissolved particles into layers.

Main component of smog

Various pollutants from chemical reactions.

Overall chemical equation for smog

A combination of common pollutants.

Enthalpy of a chemical reaction

Energy change associated with a reaction.

Symbol (– Hfus) in phase change

Indicates heat of fusion.

Heat release during NaCl phase change

22.1 g of NaCl releases 452 kJ.

Enthalpy of formation of water

Heat is released during the process.

Combustion of ethyne reaction

–1255.6 kJ/mol.

Energy released by propane combustion

22.5 kJ.

Specific heat calculation

0.548 J/(g•°C).

Difference between heat and temperature

Temperature measures thermal energy, while heat is the flow of thermal energy.

Final temperature of mixed coffee

Average of 15°C.

Energy source for a solar panel

Electromagnetic energy.

Energy transformation in photosynthesis

Electromagnetic energy to chemical energy.

Effect of temperature increase on equilibrium

Shifts to the right, favoring the forward reaction.

Common ion effect and equilibrium shift

Adding Na2CO3 will shift the equilibrium.

Dynamic equilibrium in freezing

The rate of freezing equals the rate of melting.

Equilibrium constant expression

Ratio of concentration of products to reactants.

Reaction pathway increasing energy

Heat is being absorbed.

Activation energy in reaction pathway graph

Point D indicates energy to initiate the reaction.

Collision theory for effective collisions

Molecular collisions with energy to overcome activation energy.

Increasing the rate of a gas reaction

Decrease the volume to increase pressure and concentration.

Gas law relationship between volume and moles

Avogadro’s law.

Pressure change when gas volume and temperature are doubled

Stays the same.

New temperature from pressure increase

115°C.

Partial pressure of helium in gas mixture

0.22 atm.