US History - Section 1 LESSON FLASHCARDS

In what years did America experience the Civil War ?

1861 - 1865

When did the America Civil War end and at who’s surrender ?

• April 1865

• Surrender of Southern forces

How many people died during the American Civil War ?

625,000

How much did the American Civil War cost ?

more than 6 billion

Who became President After Lincolns assasintation in April 1865 ?

• Democract Andrew Johnson

By 1850 what did the USA include ?

All 30 states and extended from the Atlantic to the Pacific

What led to the American Civil War in 1861 ?

• Difference between the North and South which included industrial and cultural differences, ownership of slaves and powers of presidency and federal government in comparison to those of the state government

What was the economic difference in the North and the South at the beginning of the American Civil War ?

• North - Mostly industry based like engineering and textiles, population was 18.65 million and growing from immigration

• South - Mostly agricultural, farming-based economy, mainly in cotton, tobacco and rice. Heavily reliant on the use of slave workforce, population was 10.5 million

What were the cultural differences in the North and South at the beginning of the American Civil War ?

• North - More liberal, based on free labour and liberty, Better education and more open for change, viewed Southerners as backward and out-of-touch

• South - Strong Christian faith, strong views on slavery and honour, not for change - more conservative, viewed Northerners and ill-mannered and rude

What year was the US constitution ratified in ?

1789

How were the Confederate States of America formed ?

• Lincoln won the presidential election of 1860 on a platform pledging to keep slavery out of the territories

• 7 slave states seceded (withdrew from the organisation of US) and formed a new nation (Confederation)

• It eventually grew to include 11 states

What were the States that did not join the Confederacy called ?

Union

What was the reason for Lincolns election as President in 1860 ?

It was thought that he would appeal to the North and South

What were Lincolns personal qualities ?

• Good sense of humour and deep sense of melancholy

• Modest and would poke fun at himself

What were Lincolns view on slavery ?

• Clearly opposed - once wrote “If slavery is not wrong, then nothing is wrong”

• However not in favour of immediate freedom for all slaves

What was Lincolns highest priority ?

Preserving the Union

How did Lincoln maintain power during the american Civil War ?

• suspended the right to a speedy trial and held over 13,000 without trial

• Bent rules to ensure his re-election in 1864

• suspended voting rights in some anti-Union areas

• Arranged for Union soldiers to get leave to vote

When did Lincoln die ?

April 14th 1865

How did Lincoln die ?

shot in the back of the head by actor and Southern Sympathiser John Wilkes Booth, died a week later

Why did the incoming Lincoln administration and most of the Northern people refuse to recognise the legitamcy of secession ?

They feared that it would discredit democracy and create a fatal precedent that would eventually fragment the no-longer United States into several small, squabbling countries

What event triggered the secession of seven slave states and the formation of the Confederacy ?

The election of Lincoln in 1860

When did the American Civil War officially begin, and what was the first action ?

The war officially began in April 1861, when South Carolina attacked Fort Sumter

What two significant actions by President Lincoln are mentioned as redefining the war's purpose and honouring the fallen soldiers ?

• Emancipation Proclamation

• Gettysburg Address

Which battle is described as a decisive Union victory ?

The Battle of Gettysburg

What did the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 do ?

It abolished slavery in the Confederate states and changed the purpose of the war to fighting for the abolition of slavery

How did Lincoln attempt to fight against slavery in the late 1864 and early 1865 ?

Introducing the 13th amendment which barred slavery

How did Lincoln attempt to piece the union back together after the American Civil War ?

• Pushed Congress into passing 13th amendment

• set out a general plan for reuniting the country when the fighting was done, assuming the North won - under it, most Southerners could become U.S citizens again by taking a loyalty oath - those who couldn’t, mostly high-ranking Confederate officials, could apply for the reinstatement of their citizenship on a case-by-case basis

• After Lincoln died, Johnson adopted the same plan

What was the striking, most immediate consequence of the American Civil War (with statistics) / effect of the war ?

• Destruction and Loss of life - Union War dead totalled 618,00

• Expensive

• Politically - Conflict between the North and South

• Emancipation of 3.5 million slaves

Where was Emancipation Proclamation aimed ?

Only at slaves in areas then still in rebellion against the United States

Who did Johnson become when the American Civil War break out in 1861 ?

Military governor of Tennessee

What was the thought behind Johnson becoming Lincoln’s vice president ?

A pro-Union Democrat would balance the ticket and attract more votes

What was the controversy around Johnson as president ?

• Dislike of African-Americans

• Didn’t like rich southerns

• Didn’t like the Republican-controlled Congress

What was Johnsons ‘Swing around the circle’ in 1866 ?

Johnson travelled around the Northern states to campaign for Democrats running for Congress and against the Fourteenth Amendment, which would give African-Americans full citizenship

What was the consequence of Johnsons ‘Swing around the Circle’ in 1866 ?

The president was booed by Northern crowds who saw him as a ‘Pro-South bozo’

What are ‘Checks and balances’

System of checks and balances to ensure that no branch grows too powerful

What were the 2 key issues that Reconstruction involved ?

• How far the Southern states should be punished for seceding

• How African-Americans, mainly formerly enslaved people, should be treated in Southern states

What did Radical Republicans wish to do ?

Wished to see harsh measures taken against the Southern states and legal measures taken to protect African-Americans

What did Presidential Reconstruction (led by Johnson) wish to fulfil ?

• Pardon most confederates

• Returns confiscated property

• Limit rights for African-Americans

What did Radical Reconstruction wish to fulfil ?

• Harsh penalties for ex-confederates

• Protect rights of African-Americans

• Military occupation for the South

• Establishment of Freedmen’s Bureau

• Passing of 14th amendment - citizenship

What did the ‘Black Codes’ in 1865 - 1866 ensure ?

• African-Americans who were deemed as unemployed could be forced to work for white employers

• Children of African-Americans could be forced into working on plantations as apprentices

• African-Americans could be prevented from receiving an education

How and when was the Ku-Klux-Klan formed ?

• 1865

• Confederate veterans formed the secretive Ku Klux Klan, which terrorized black voters and Republican politicians, white and black, across the South

• In Louisiana, Klansmen and other terrorists murdered hundreds in a campaign of intimidation

What was the reaction of Congress to Johnson’s plans ?

• Rejected the plans and passed a Civil Rights Act which overrode the Black Codes

• Johnson veteod this

• However, Congress ensured it came into law in April 1866 - coming as the 14th amendment

What was the end for Johnsons presidency ?

He was impeached over technical issues and only survived by one vote, he then wasn’t selected by the Republicans to be their presidential campaign in in the 1868 election

Who got selected in the 1868 election after Johnsons impeachment as president ?

Ulysees. S Grant