Psych Unit 4 Learning

Unconditioned Stimulus

Causes an automatic (natural) response. Requires no learning.

Unconditioned Response

Automatic response, no learning required

Neutral Stimuli

Causes no reaction

Conditioned Stimulus

Formerly neutral stimulus, u have learned to respond to it.

Conditioned response

The response to the conditioned stimulus

The neutral and conditioned stimulus is?

Always the same

Unconditioned and Conditioned responses are...

Variations of each other.

Aquisition

Process of learned a response. Requires multiples association to occur.

Extinction

Process of gradually losing a response when stimulus and response stop being paired together.

Spontaneous Recovery

When an extinguished response reappears

Generalization

Two similar stimuli -> two similar response

Discrimination

Sees difference in the stimuli, leads to two different responses

Classical vs. Operant Conditioning (Behavior)

Classical : Behavior is involuntary
Operant : Behavior is voluntary

Classical Conditioning

Learning by association

Operant conditioning

An organisms behavior is shaped by the consequence of that behavior

Reinforcement

Any consequence that increases the frequency of the behavior

Punishment

Any consequence that decreases the frequency of a behavior.

Positive Reinforcement

Do something because it introduces something desirable
ie. do chores for an alliance

Negative Reinforcement

Do something b/c it removes something undesirable
ie. You take medicine b/c it makes sickness go away

Immediate Reinforcement

Happens instantly

Delayed Reinforcement

Takes awhile to occur

Primary Reinforcer

Naturally reinforces a behavior,don't have to learn to value it
ie. (want/desire) for food, water, shelter

Secondary Reinforcer

Something that u have to learn to value it
ie. praising a kid for eating all their dinner

Positive Punishment

Undesirable event occurs because of the behavior
ie. steal a cookie -> put in time out

Negative Punishmeny

A desirable event is removed b/c of the behavior
ie. fail a class -> can't go to prom

Downsides of Punishment

1.Behavior is still practiced just not in front of the punisher
2. Causes emotional issues (ie. fear, anxiety)
3. Can cause avoidance behavior (running away)
4. Temporary suppression of bad behavior

Shaping (Reinforcement)

Reinforcing behavior little by little.

Fixed Interval Schedule

Reward only comes after 1st response within a set amount of time (not random)

Downside of Fixed Interval

Organism starts to respond only at times they know they'll get reinforcement.

Variable Interval Schedule

Rewards correct responses at a random time
(ie. pop quizzes)

Is variable or fixed better for long term behavior.

Variable

Fixed Ratio Schedule

Behavior is rewarded after a set amount of correct responses
ie. 20 correct response = 1 reinforcement
ie. but ten, get 1 free