Moods

Indicative Mood

used for making simple statements and asking direct questions, e.g. 'I do'

Infinitive Mood

expresses an action or state without reference to any subject, e.g. 'to do'

Imperative Mood

used for issuing orders, e.g. 'do!'

Forming the Imperative (Singular)

Remove the -re from the infinitive form

Forming the Imperative (Plural)

Use the second person plural indicative form then replace the final -is with -e

Imperative Mood - Exceptions

Certain verbs are irregular in the imperative as they do not follow the forming rules;

e.g. 'duco' does not become 'duce' but rather 'duc'

(Imperative verbs also come at or near the beginning of the sentence instead of the end as expected)

Subjunctive Mood

used to represent things that are not facts, i.e. wishes, guesses, e.g. 'I wish to do'

Hortatory Subjunctive

used to express wishes / suggestions, often seen in English as "let's" (in the first person) or in using "may" (in other forms)

e.g. "videamus" means "let's see"

e.g. "videas" means "may you see"

Deliberative Subjunctive

used to consider possible actions, and so is always a question; often seen in English as "should" or "am I to" / "are we to" (always used in the first person)

e.g. "scribamne?" means "should I write?" / "am I to write?"

Forming the Subjunctive

- First conjugation verbs swap their last 'a' for an 'e'

- Second conjugation verbs swap their last 'e' for 'ea'

- Third conjugation verbs swap their last 'e' for 'a'