genetics & heredity

allele

version of a gene

autosomes

non-sex chromosomes

blood type

codominant/multi-allele trait

codominance

both alleles fully expressed

dominance

one allele masks another

egg

female gamete

fertile

can reproduce

fertilization

sperm + egg fuse

gamete

haploid sex cell

gene linkage

genes near each other inherited together

genotypes

allele combination

hemophilia

sex-linked clotting disorder

heterozygous

two different alleles (Bb)

homozygous

two same alleles (BB/bb)

incomplete dominance

blended phenotype

independent assortment

genes sort independently into gametes

karyotype

organized chromosome image

life cycle

birth-to-reproduction stages

locus

gene's location on chromosome

Mendel

father of genetics

Mendel's principle of dominance

one allele can mask another

Mendel's principle of independent assortment

alleles for diff. genes sort independently

Mendel's principle of segregation

allele pairs separate in gametes

pedigree

family trait chart

phenotype

observable traits

phenotype ratio

proportion of offspring traits

pleiotropy

one gene

polygenic inheritance

trait from 2+ genes

Punnett square

predicts offspring genotypes/phenotypes

recessive

masked when dominant present

segregation

allele pairs split in gametes

sex chromosomes

X/Y

sex determination

how sex is set

sex linked

gene on sex chromosome

sexual reproduction

2 parents

sperm

male gamete

spores

reproduce w/o fertilization

X and Y chromosomes

sex chromosomes (XX=female

zygote

fertilized eg