major theoretical perspectives

biological perspective

• focues on the role of biology and genetics in shaping behavior and mental processes

• examines the influence of brain structure, neurotransmitters, and genetics on psychological phenomena

psychodynamic perspective

• developed by Sigmund Freud, it emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences in shaping personality and behavior

• highlights concepts like id, ego and superego

behavioral perspective

• focuses on observable behavior and the impact of learning, conditioning and environmental factors on behavior

• includes classical and operant conditioning and social learning theory

cognitive perspective

• emphasizes the study of mental processes (thinking, memory, perception, and problem solving)

• investigates how individuals process information and make sense of the world

humanistic perspective

• stresses the importance of self actualization, personal growth, and the role of free will in human behavior

• promotes a positive and client centered approach in therapy

social cultural perspective

• examines how culture, society, and social interactions influence behavior and mental processes

• studies the impact of cultural norms, group dynamics and social norms on individuals

evolutionary perspective

• explores how evolution and natural selection have shaped human behavior and cognitive processes

• investigates how certain behaviors may have provided evolutionary advantages

biopsychological perspective

• intergrates biological, psychological and social factors to provide a holistic understanding of behavior and mental health

• recognizes that multiple factors interact to shape an individuals experiences and well being

ecological systems theory (Bronfen brenner)

• focuses on the influence of multiple interconnected systems, including the microsystem, mesosystem, ecosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem on human development and behavior

positive psychology

• concentrates on the study of human strengths, well being and factors that contribute to a fullfilling and meaningful life

cultural psychology

• examines how culture impacts psychological processes and behavior, including cultural norms, values, and beliefs

feminist psychology

• addresses gender issues and how they impact the understanding of human behavior and the role of gender in society