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Clincher
A fact, argument, or event that settles a matter conclusively
Ethos
Appealing to credibility
Pathos
Appealing to emotion
Logos
Appealing to logic
Signpost
Numerical indications of main body points (first, second...)
Internal Preview
Detailed, outlines the critical points to be made in the body
Internal Summary
Review key points a speaker just made
Inoculation Theory
Explains about how attitudes and beliefs change and more importantly, how to keep existing attitudes and beliefs consistent in the face of persuasion attempts
Ad hominem
Used to counter another argument based on prejudice/feelings
False Analogy
(extrapolation) assumes that because two things are similar, other things will be too
Red Herring
A clue/something that is intended to be misleading or distracting
Slippery Slope
An idea that a course of action will lead to something wrong/disastrous
Straw Person
Informal fallacy - when someone substitutes a distorted version/ it is misrepresented
Problem Solution
Analyzes a pattern (1) harm (2) significance (3) cause
Topical Pattern
Organizes a speech according to aspects, subtopics or topics
Causal Pattern
Organizes a speech from cause to effect or effect to cause
Pie Chart
used to display data that would otherwise be in a small table (6 categories or fewer)
Line Chart
Shows trends, identifies whether two variables relate to one another
Bar Chart
Measures frequency
Illustrator Gesture
Cannot substitute for words, but hand/arm gesture that enhances the verbal message
Adaptor Gesture
Nonverbal behaviors that reveal things about our internal state
Emblem Gesture
Gestures can be translated into verbal language (i.e. ok, thumbs up)
Efficacy
The ability to produce a desired or intended result
