Civics- chapter 1: the American people

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59 Terms

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civics

the study of the rights and duties of citizens

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Ancient Greece

the concept of citizenship dates back more the 2,500 years to…

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citizenship

the position or status of being a citizen of a particular country

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citizen

community members who owe loyalty to the government and are entitled to protections from it

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Out of many, one

What does E pluribus unum mean?

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E pluribus unum

What phrase is found on the back of every American coin?

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the Spanish

Who were the first Europeans to settle permanently in North America?

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a land of promise

After gaining its independence from England, what did the United States begin to become known as throughout Europe?

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more than half

By 1920, how many American lived in towns or cities?

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service economy

to earn a living by providing services- such as practicing law or medicine, programming computers, teaching, etc.

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service economy

In the past few decades, manufacturing has lost ground to what?

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Hispanic Americans

What is the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States?

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values

broad ideas about what is good or desirable, and are shared by people in a society

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freedom, equality, opportunity, justice, democracy, unity, respect, and tolerance

What are some basic American values?

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popular sovereignty

government by consent of the governed

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examples of popular sovereignty in the United States

fair, free, and regular elections; equal justice under the law; majority rules through the people’s representatives in government

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a single language- English

What is a significant source of unity in the United States?

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instituions

sets of ideas that people have about relationships, obligations, roles, and functions

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family

What is the most important institution in American life?

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religious institutions

can promote social unity and provide a sense of meaning and belonging

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churches, temples, and mosques

examples of religious institutions:

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educational institutions

at all levels reflect our society’s culture, history, and learning, create a common identity, and promote personal growth and developement

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social institutions

another way we share our common values

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clubs and volunteer service organizations

examples of a social institution:

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by birth, or naturalization

The U.S. Constitution establishes two ways to become a citizen- what are they?

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naturalization

a legal process that allows foreign-born people to become citizens of the U.S.

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aliens

noncitizens

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immigrants

people who move permanently to a new country

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5 years

How long do most aliens have to wait before filing for an application for citizenship in the naturalization process?

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3 years

How long does an alien that is married to a U.S. citizen have to wait before filing for an application for citizenship in the naturalization process?

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file for an application for citizenship

If you are at least 18 years old, and have lives for at least three months in the state where you seek naturalization, you may:

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be interviewed by an USCIS official and take a citizenship exam

After their paperwork is checked by the USCIS, an alien then has to:

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citizenship exam

Questions about reading, writing, and speaking English and basic facts about the history and the government of the United States are on the:

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attend a ceremony and pledge an oath of allegiance

If an application is granted to an alien, the final step in naturalization is to:

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also is granted citizenship

If an alien is granted U.S. citizenship and their child(ren) is under 18, the child(ren):

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1924

When did Congress make all native Americans citizens of the United States?

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denaturalization, expatriation, or being convicted of certain crimes

What are the three ways a citizen can lose citizenship?

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only the federal government

Who can take citizenship away?

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denaturalization

the loss of citizenship through fraud or deception during the naturalization process

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expatriation

giving up one’s citizenship by leaving one’s native country to live in a foreign country; can be voluntary or involuntary

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punishment for a crime

the loss of citizenship when convicted of federal crimes that involve extreme disloyalty, including: treason, participation in a rebellion, and attempts to overthrow the government through violent means

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12 million

About how many aliens are living in the U.S. illegally?

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deport

to send an illegal alien back to their own country

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resident alien

a person from a foreign country who has established permanent residence in the U.S.

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as long as they wish

How long can a resident alien stay in the U.S without becoming American citizens?

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nonresident alien

a person from a foreign country who expects to stay in the United Sates for a short, specified period

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refugee

a person fleeing from their country to escape persecution

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similarities to U.S. citizens

Aliens can hold jobs, own property, attend public schools, and receive government services; they pay taxes and are entitled to legal protection

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differences from U.S. citizens

Aliens do not have full political rights, meaning they can’t vote in elections or run for office; they may not serve on juries or work most government jobs, and must carry identification cards at all times.

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to provide laws

What is the most important purpose of a government?

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public policy

a course of government action to achieve community goals

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democracy

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direct democracy

all citizens meet to debate government matters and vote first hand (not practical for countries with a large population)

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representative democracy

citizens choose a smaller group to represent them, make laws, and govern on their behalf

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republic

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monarchy

a government with a hereditary ruler (king, queen, etc.)

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majority rule

according to this principle, citizens agree that when differences of opinion arise, they will abide by what most people want, while still respecting the rights of those in the minority

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authoritarian regime

power is held by an individual or a group not accountable to the people

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totalitarian

the government’s control extends to almost all aspects of people’s lives