APES - Chapter 1: Introduction to Environmental Science

environmental science

1. how the natural world works

2. us vs. environment

environmentalism

1. social movement

2. protect natural world from humans

What lifestyle did humans have at the start?

hunter-gatherer lifestyle

When was the Industrial Revolution?

mid-1700s

When were fossil fuels introduced?

Industrial Revolution

Who argued that population growth must be restricted?

Thomas Malthus

What is the maximum sustainable ecological footprint?

1.7 ha

What fraction of the planet has been used for agriculture?

1/2

What three challenges are present as a result of agriculture?

1. pollution

2. climate

3. biodiversity

What four points are part of the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment?

1. humans have altered ecosystems

2. for increased well-being and economic development

3. will get worse

4. degradation can be reversed

What do Cornucopians believe?

Human ingenuity, technology, and free markets will always overcome resource limits and environmental challenges

What do Cassandras believe?

Earth has strict carrying capacities, and current consumption patterns will lead to severe environmental collapse and resource depletion

What does the Triple Bottom Line include?

1. environmental goals

2. economic goals

3. social goals