ap world history - unit 1: semester 1

what does DAR al-ISLAM mean?

house of Islam

where is DAR al-ISLAM practiced?

practiced in the middle east, north Africa, west African, west Africa and Europe

where is DAR al-ISLAM practiced (in continents)?

3 (africa, middle east, and europe)

where did Islam originate from?

Arbian peninsula (Saadiah Arabia)

when did Islam come into light?

7th century (1400 years old)

islam is the _______ religion

newest

who developed Islam?

muhammad

Abrahamic religion >

traced back to Abraham

what are some examples of Abrahamic religion?

Judaism, Christianity and Islam

what is the god called in Islam?

Allah

muslim >

means one who submits

Quran >

the holy bible and it must be spoken Arabic and it must be read out loud, they believe it is the literal shake

what is the most recent prophet of Islam?

muhammad

pillars of Islam >

everyone of Islam follows these pillars/rules so it holds everyone together

Shahada >

profession of faith, there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger

Salah >

prayer; 5 times per day facing Mcca

Mecca >

a city

Minaret >

the top of the church where someone will call out someone to pray

Zakat >

alms or charity for those who are financially able

what percentage does zakat give to charity?

3.5%

Hajj >

pilgrimage to Mecca (if you are physically and financially able to)

Kaaba >

a big church-ish building

what must you wear to Hajj?

white clothes, so everyone looks equal and alike

Sawm >

fasting; from sunrise to sunset during the month of Ramadan and it is a form of self-purification

caliphate >

kingdoms

caliph >

leader of the caliphate who the successor to Muhammad

what is the caliph’s role?

religion, military, and regional leader

capital of Abbasid Caliphate >

baghdad (modern day Iraq)

what is happening to the Abbasid caliphate? why?

it is falling apart because Turkic groups are taking over

what is being developed as caliphates start to fragment?

new political entities emerge

islamic political city states >

seljuk empire, ottoman, mamluks, Mamluk Sultante of Egypt, and delhi sultanate

selkuk empire >

iraq and iran

ottoman turks >

southeast europe and asia minor

mamluks >

slaves that overthrew the Egyptians (they are all taking over Abbasid)

Mamluk Sultante >

Egypt

Delhi Sultanate >

India

how do muslims expand?

military expansion, merchants and missionaries

merchants >

islam gets universalized and muhammad was a merchant

where does Islam spread to?

indonesia because of trade

Sufis >

biggest spread of Islam came from this; focus on meditation and its how they communicate to Allah; drink a lot

Sufis whirling dervishes >

communicate to allah through dance and form physical meditation

what are some innovations of Islam?

medicine, literature and mathematics

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi >

persian and he created trigonometry and studied stars

what does Nasir al-Din al-Tusi’s studies lead to?

Europe learning it and it inspires Copernicus in Europe

Ibn Khaldun >

we learn the black death through him

herodotus >

father of history

hoppocrates >

father of medicine, Greek, and his work makes it to Islam

al razi >

he makes some changes to hippocrates, he was persian, a polymath and doctor

Ibn Sina >

wrote a 14 volume medical encyclopedia and the crusaders take it back to Europe

who made the basis of modern medicine?

Ibn Sina

house of wisdom in Abbasid Baghdad >

most impressive library of knowledge to date

what did Islam protect/babysit?

greek and roman knowledge

middle age >

only in Europe

dark ages >

no innovations, greece and roman knowledge die because they fall

high middle ages >

crusades bring back knowledge of other religion back into light

mandate of heaven >

god looks at certain dynasty with favor by giving them this and when bad events occur, then that dynasty has lost it, it goes to another dynasty

Shang dynasty >

1766 BCE

Qin >

modern day china

Han >

silk road

tang >

golden age of China

what did the tang dynasty invent?

gun powder, compasses, and porcelain

song >

invented the same items as the song tang dynasty

what was the tang in?

a golden age

yuan >

nomads and they were outsiders

ming >

built the great wall of China

quin >

last dynasty and ended in 1912

what were the quin?

manchu (not chinese)

republic >

china practices democracy in this area

mao zedong >

took over in 1949 and spread communism

deng xiaoping >

introduces capitalism into china

what system did China implement?

confucianism and imperial bureaucracy

what was the government like in China

centralized

confucianism >

officials were selected through merit and civil service examinations (get it because you earn it), and promotes harmony

when did confucianism begin in China?

6th century BCE

who invented confuciansim?

confusius

what are the five key hierarchical relationship?

• ruler and subject

• father and son

• older sibling and younger siblings

• husband and wife

• friend and friend

did chinese culture traditions spread?

yes (song dynasty customs spread to japan and korea)

filial piety >

show respect for your elders

neo-confucionism >

buddism, confucionism, and diaoism

foot binding >

appeared during the song dynasty, mother takes a daughter and breaks her foot and wraps bandages so tight is would mold the foot

what was foot binding a sign of?

beauty, status and the patriarchy

when was food binding banned? why?

1912 because of communism and everyone wanted to be viewed everyone as equal

what spread to helan japan and korea?

chinese literary and scholarly traditions

what did japan take from china?

they took traditions VOLUNTARILY (including filial piety, neo=confucianism, and piety)

korea >

traditions were force upon them because chinese boarded them

sinification >

something becoming more chinese like

diaoism >

reconnecting with nature (ying and yang)

buddhism >

you must give up a part of yourself, your desires and to reach peace for yourself

what does buddhism include?

meditation

what did buddism create and change?

it shaped societies and created a variety of practices

thervada >

the oldest surviving school of Buddhism

mahyana >

means the great vehicle because it spread buddism a lot

what did song china become?

more commercialized (because they depended on free peasant and artisanal labor)

artisanal labor >

they focus on only making one product

what happened to the economy (in china when the song became more commercialized)?

increased productive capacity, expanding trade network, and innovation in agriculture and manufacturing

champa >

from vietnam, fast ripening and dought resistant

when could farmers farm champa rice?

twice and year

what happens when food portions increase?

population increases

what did the chinese also create?

grand canal expansion

grand canal >

man-made body of water that runs from the north to south in china and this helps with shipping and trading goods