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Torah
The Holy Book of Judaism.
Rabbinic Literature
Writings of the teachers (Rabbi) and priests in Judaism, with Rabbis being more important than priests.
Josephus
A Romanized Jewish author from the 1st century, coming from the priestly class, who wrote about the Jewish rebellion and became a Jewish emperor.
Hebrews
Descendants of Abraham, who left the city of Ur in Mesopotamia in search of a promised land.
Jacob
Grandson of Abraham who wrestled with a divine force and was renamed Israel.” I have a new main.”
Moses
Received the Ten Commandments from Yahweh, promoting monotheism among the Israelites.
Philistines
Became a region divided into the Kingdom of Judah and the Kingdom of Israel, with the temple being destroyed by Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar.
Jews
Followers of Nebuchadnezzar's faith, who rebuilt the temple after the Diaspora.
Sadducees
Group with a strict literal interpretation of written laws in Judaism.
Pharisees
Believed in flexible interpretations of written and oral laws in Judaism.
Essenes
Ascetic communities in Judaism who shared material possessions and believed in celibacy.
Zealots
Jewish group passionate about not having a king but God.
Samaritans
Strict followers of the Torah who rejected Rabbinic Literature.
Christianity
Followers of Christ who were initially identified as Jews and faced persecution by the Romans.
Constantine
Roman emperor who adopted Christianity as the main religion and supported the Church.
Edict of Milan
Decree that stopped the persecution of Christians and allowed for their tolerance.
Islam
Religion developed on the Arabian Peninsula, with Muhammad as the last prophet and the Quran as the holy book.
Sahabah
Companions of Muhammad who were part of his inner council.
Mecca
City where Muhammad was from, known for the Ka'aba shrine and trade.
Diaspora
forced migration
